1. “RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS F.Y. 2001” SPECIALLY OFFERED TRAINING COURSE IN “RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS F.Y. 2001” COUNTRY REPORT By: Mrs. Alba Ruth ALEJO Cano Agronomic Engineer Msc. Environmental Engineer COLOMBIA - SOUTH AMERICA JICA COLOMBIA

2. JICA COLOMBIA GENERAL INFORMATION REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA COUNTRY NAME: REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA CAPITAL CITY: CAPITAL CITY: Bogota D.C. AREA TOTAL: AREA TOTAL: 1’138.910 Km 2 CLIMA: CLIMA: Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in higlands TERRAIN: TERRAIN: Flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains ELEVATION: ELEVATION: Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m. EXTREMES EXTREMES Highest point: Pico Cristobal Colón 5.775 m. POPULATION: POPULATION: 40’349.388 (July 2001 st.) POPULATION GROWTH RATE: POPULATION GROWTH RATE: 1.64% (2001 st.) RELIGION: RELIGION: Roman Catholic 90% LANGUAJE: LANGUAJE: Spanish GOVERNMENT TYPE: GOVERNMENT TYPE: Republic; executive branch dominantes government structure. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 32 Departments ECONOMY REAL GROWTH: ECONOMY REAL GROWTH: 3% (2000 st.) PER CAPITAL RATE: PER CAPITAL RATE: $ 6,2 million (362.150 yens)(2000 st.) CURRENCY: CURRENCY: Colombian peso (COP) EXCHANGE RATES: EXCHANGE RATES: COP per US dollar = 2.260 (2002) COP per yen = 17.12 (2002) FISCAL YEAR: FISCAL YEAR: Calendar year.

3. JICA COLOMBIA CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEFOREBEFORE - National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and the Environment- INDERENA. 1978 AFTERAFTER (Starting from 1993) - Ministry of Environment (MMA) Nation - Regional Autonoma Corporation (CAR). Regional - Environment Department (DAMA, DADIMA, DAGMA and AREA) Metropolis - Environmental Management Departments - Public and Private Universities Teaching pre-grade and post- grade related to environmental science and engineering

4. JICA COLOMBIA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES BY PESTICIDESBY PESTICIDES - DDT, metoxychlor, DDD, phenol, petrol refineries, petrochemical

5. JICA COLOMBIA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES BY MOBILE AND FIXED SOURCESBY MOBILE AND FIXED SOURCES - Aerosol, - Gas (SO 2, NO 2, NO x, CO, O 3, PM 10, HC)

6. JICA COLOMBIA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES BY INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTESBY INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES - Colombia produces approximately 18.000 Tn/day of solid residues, distributed in this way: - Bogotá 22% - Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla 17% - Population between 1 million and 200.000 hab 11% - Population < 200.000 hab 50% - Only 7 cities have sanitary refill with technical methods for processing the garbage. - The others major cities buried or throw it to the rivers. - Only 30% of the wastes total is recycled (glass, plastic, metal and papel)

7. JICA COLOMBIA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES BY ENERGETIC SECTORBY ENERGETIC SECTOR - Represented in increases of methanol concentration in the air, sulfuric acid emission, ashes production. Increasing of sulfuric acid in water streams, and spill of oil materials to the rivers. - Crude oil in river basin to Llanos Orientales has shown heavy metals in their physico chemical analysis like vanadium and nickel.