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3. 대명사 ( 代名詞 ) 1. 인칭대명사 격변화 We like him very much. { 주격, 목적격 } It is his( Tom’s) book. = It’s his( Tom’s ). { 소 유 격 } { 소유대명사 }

4. 2. 재귀 대명사 a) 재귀 용법 : 동작이 자신에게 돌아옴 b) 강조 용법 : S, O, C 강조 ( 생략 가능 ) c) 관용적 표현 You must finish the work for yourself.( 혼자 힘으로 ) {by oneself: 홀로 } { of itself: 저절로 } {in itself : 본래 } { come to oneself : 정신이 들다 ≠ beside oneself } 3. It 의 용법 a) 비인칭 주어 it :( 날씨, 시각, 요일, 계절, 거리, 명암...) It is raining now. What time is it now? - It is half past ten. How far is it from here to the park? - It is six miles. He killed himself. I myself wrote the book.=I wrote the book(myself).

5. b) 가 주어 c) 가 목적어 I think it wrong to tell a lie. I believe it true that he is honest. It is fun to learn English.=>(To learn English is fun.) It is certain that she will come.=>(That she will come is certain.) It’s a (great) pity that he died so young. {= I’m sorry that ~. (or) =We are sorry that ~.} It’s (not) certain that he has changed his mind. {= I’m (not) [ =We’re (not) ] certain that ~.} It is difficult for me to finish the work. (= For me to finish the work is difficult.) It was very careless of you to lose the money. (= You were very careless to lose the money.)

6. d) 강조구문 : It is that… Tom saw a lion in the zoo yesterday. ⓐ that, who ⓑ that, which ⓒ that, where ⓓ that, when It was Tom that(who) saw a lion in the zoo yesterday. It was a lion that(which)Tom saw in the zoo yester- day. ⓐ :ⓐ : ⓑ :ⓑ : { 기타 강조 } ◈ 동사 강조 : 주어 + do(does,did) + 동사 원형 I gave the book to Mike. → I did give the book to Mike. ◈ 의문문 강조 : 의문사 + on earth, ever, in the world ( 도 대 체 ) What on earth made him unhappy? (= What made him unhappy?)

7. 4. 부정 ( 否定 ) 대명사 a) some, any 쓰임 ① some : 긍정문에 He gave me some apples ( money ). ( 형용사 ) Some of money was spent. ( 대명사 ) ② any : 의문문, 부정문, 조건문 에 사용 Do you have any novels? I cannot find any of them. If any of you know, tell me. (cf) Any child can do such a thing. 긍정문 :( 어떤 ~ 라도 ) ③ 의문문에 any 대신 some 사용 Will ( or Won’t) you have some tea?=> ( 권유 ) Will you lend me some money?=> ( 부탁 ) Don’t you have some friends?=> ( yes 의 답을 기대 ) ( Yes, I have some friends.)

8. b) one, other, another ○ : one ○ : the other ○ : one ○ : another ○ : the other(= the third) ○ : one ○ : another ○ : a third ○ : the other ○ + ○ ○ ○ ○, ○ ○ ○ + ○ ○ ○ ○, ○ ○ ○ + ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ …. ( one the others), (some the others), (some others) I have two dogs; one is white and the other (is) black. Here are seven books; some are mine, the others hers. c) ① all, ② each, ③ every ① all : 사물 ( 物 )=> 단수, 사람 ( 人 )=> 복수 All is silent.(= Everything is silent.) All were silent.(= All the people were silent.) All the girls(=All of the girls) laughed. Do you have a pen? - Yes, I have one. Do you have the pen? - Yes, I have it. *(one, it 구별 ) {the one~,the other~: 前자 後자 }

9. ② each : 각기, 각자 => 단수 Each of the boys has his own room. Each country has its own customs. ( 관용구 ) each other, one another : 서로 서로 ③ every : 모든 => 단수 취급 Every teacher in our school is kind to us. He came here every third day(=every three days). He wrote to me every other day(=every two days). d) ① both, ② either, ③ neither ① both : 둘 다 => 복수 Both of these books are expensive. Both his parents are living here. (cf) He is both blind and deaf. ( both A and B : A, B 둘 다 )

10. ② either : 둘 중 하나 => 단수 Either of the pencils is mine. Take either book. ( 둘 중 어느 거나 가져 가라.) (cf) He is not tall, and she isn’t, either. => 역시 (cf) I don’t like it, either. = Neither do I. ③ neither : 둘 다 ~ 않다. => 단수 Neither of the questions is difficult. Neither book is good. ( 두 권 다 좋지 않다.) (cf) Neither he nor you are in the wrong. ( neither A nor B : A 도 B 도 아니다 ) { 비교 } I know neither of them. ( 둘 다 모른다.) = I do not know either of them. I do not know both of them. ( 둘 중 하나는 = I know one of them. 안다.)

11. ◈ 부분부정, 완전부정 ◈ 1) 부분부정 : all, both, every(~one, ~thing), always… + 부정어 2) 완전부정 :any+not(=none),either+not(=neither), no, not+anybody(= nobody), not+anything(=nothing) ① I do not like both of them.= ② I do not like either of them.= I like one of them. I like neither of them. ① I do not know all of them.= ② I do not know any of them. = I know some of them. I know none of them. ① I do not know everything about it.= ② I do not know anything about it.= I know some- thing about it. I know nothing about it. ① The rich are not always happy.