1. Effects of 9/11

2. Department of Homeland Security USA PATRIOT Act Invasion of Afghanistan Invasion of Iraq?? Less formal effects?

3. Hijackers Surprised To Find Selves In Hell JAHANNEM, OUTER DARKNESS—The hijackers who carried out the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon expressed confusion and surprise Monday to find themselves in the lowest plane of Na'ar, Islam's Hell.

6. Department of Homeland Security Cabinet Position created on November 25, 2002 Consolidated existing executive agencies under one umbrella organization Goal= to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism

7. Agencies Strategic National Stockpile and the National Disaster Medical System Nuclear Incident Response Team Domestic Emergency Support Teams National Domestic Preparedness Office Countermeasures Programs Environmental Measurements Laboratory National Defense Analysis Center Plum Island Animal Disease Center Federal Computer Incident Response Center National Communications System National Protection and Programs Directorate Energy Security and Assurance Program Customs Service Coast Guard Secret Service Citizenship and Immigration Services Border Patrol Immigration and Customs Enforcement Federal Protective Service Transportation Security Administration Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Office for Domestic Preparedness Federal Emergency Management Agency

8. Today Secretary Janet Napolitano $52 billion annual budget –3 rd behind Departments of Defense and Veteran Affairs Mixed analysis of effectiveness

9. USA PATRIOT Act “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism” Oct 2001

10. USA PATRIOT Act Relaxed requirements for warrants Allowed attorney general to detain or deport those suspected of terrorist attack Allowed organizations to share foreign intelligence to protect national security

13. Invasion of Afghanistan October 7, 2001 US invaded when Taliban would not hand over al Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden US fighting against Taliban and al Qaeda

14. New Government 2004- Taliban fell New government- democracy installed Hamid Karzai Fighting against Taliban remains, now spreading across border into Pakistan

16. Obama and Afghanistan Made it his top military priority General Petraeus Increased troops in Afghanistan Current troop levels: –130,000 NATO ISAF troops –(approx 90,000 are American)

25. Current Policy Considerations 1)Launch a Counterinsurgency against the Taliban in Afghanistan 2)Use Counterterrorism to fight against Al Qaeda, not the Taliban 3)Support a regional approach and withdraw American troops

27. Invasion of Iraq March 19, 2003- invasion of Iraq Reasons given for invasion: –Saddam Hussein had WMDs –Hussein had connections to al-Qaeda When neither reason proved true, reasons changed: –Create democracy in Iraq –Oust Saddam Hussein

29. Saddam Hussein Captured in December 2003 Charged and convicted by Iraqi interim gov’t of killing Shiites Hanged December 2006

32. Changes in War in Iraq After Saddam Hussein captured and killed, civil war broke out Democracy unstable Reason for staying in Iraq became to restore stability to the region Obama has withdrawn troops from Iraq (2011- current troop level is 46,000 troops)