1. HANDS-ON ACTIVITY: RAMP AND REVIEW CONTRIBUTED BY: INTEGRATED TEACHING AND LEARNING PROGRAM AND LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER

2. KEYWORDS energy, friction, kinetic energy, Joule, mechanical energy, momentum, motio n, potential energy, power, work energyfrictionkinetic energyJoulemechanical energymomentummotio npotential energypowerwork

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify components of mechanical energy, work and power, momentum, and friction and how they interrelate. Construct a model to demonstrate potential and kinetic energy, work, power, momentum and friction.

4. Use multiple equations to solve for unknown variables. Explain how the concepts of mechanical energy, work, power, momentum, and friction play an important role in everyday life

5. MATERIALS LIST Meter Stick (for the activity setup) Tape measure (for measuring distance) 4 dowel rods, 3 ft long, ¼- inch thick golf ball Styrofoam cup (must be lightweight, not heavy) Electronic Scale (to weigh the golf ball) Masking Tape Brown Paper Towel Ramp and Review Worksheet

6. PRE-ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT Brainstorming: Think of situations that involve a combination of mechanical energy, momentum and collisions, work and power, and friction.

7. INTRODUCTION Picture yourself atop a big hill with a scooter. Do you know how much potential energy you have?

8. How fast will you be going when you reach the bottom?

9. How much momentum will you have at the bottom?

10. If you press hard on your brakes and slide to a stop, how much work will friction have done?

11. PROCEDURE

12. Tape a dowel rod to each side of a yardstick, approximately 1-inch apart from each other. This serves as a track for the golf ball to roll down. Prop the yardstick against a wall or desk to create a slope for the ball to roll down.

13. Place a small amount of crushed paper towels or tissues inside the cup to absorb the impact of the ball and keep the ball in the cup. Place the cup at the end of the yardstick ramp to catch the ball at the end of the incline.

14. Tape the other two dowel rods a few inches apart to create a track for the cup to slide along. On the worksheet, complete questions 1 and 2 (measure the height of yardstick and weight of golf ball). Place the ball at the top of the ramp and let it go.

15. Measure the distance the cup travels at the end of the ramp and record that for question 3 on the worksheet. Complete the calculations on the worksheet and show all work on a separate sheet of paper using the 5 steps.

16. POST-ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT Review solutions to Ramp and Review worksheet.

17. Discussion Questions: As a class, solicit, integrate and summarize student responses to the following wrap-up questions, which refer to question 8 on the worksheet: Why is the work of friction expressed as a negative value?

18. How did the friction, momentum, kinetic and potential energy, and work and power all come together to make the cup move? How does this relate to activities you do every day?