1. HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING WORKSHOP
Assessing receptive skills
Listening

2. What is listening? Listening is more than merely hearing words.
Listening is an active process by which students receive, construct meaning from, and respond to spoken messages (Emmert, 1994).

3. Why should you listen? To understand To evaluate
To build and maintain relationships
To help others
To entertain …

4. Discussion Authentic reasons for listening
Macro/micro skills for listening
Types of listening texts
How to select listening texts
Listening item types
Consideration when designing listening tests

5. 1. Assessing listening skills *What are authentic listening situations?
Interviews
Instructions
Loudspeaker announcements
Radio news
Committee meetings
Shopping
Theater
Telephone
Lectures
Conversation
Television
Story-telling
Jokes

6. *Characteristics of authentic listening situations
Informal
Spontaneous
Short chunks/clusters
Reductions (pronunciation)
Colloquial language
Ungrammatical
Unclear/incomprehensible items
Rate of delivery
Stress, rhythm, and intonation
Redundancy (rephrasings, repetitions, elaborations)
Performance variables (hesitations, false starts, pauses, corrections)
Listener expectation and purpose
Visual stimuli
Body language
Turn-taking/interaction
Attention to speaker

7. 2. Macro-skills for Listening
recognize the communicative function of utterances
identify main ideas from supporting details
make inferences using real-world knowledge
predict outcomes and infer connections
distinguish between literal and implied meanings
use non-verbal clues to assist comprehension
use listening strategies (guessing vocabulary, signaling comprehension etc.)

8. 3. Micro-skills for Listening
discriminate among the distinctive sounds of English
retain chunks of language in short-term memory
recognize English stress patterns, rhythm, intonation
recognize reduced forms of words
distinguish word boundaries
interpret word order patterns
process speech at different rates of delivery
process speech containing pauses, errors, corrections
recognize grammatical word forms, patterns, rules
recognize cohesive devices
recognize meaning expressed through different grammatical patterns

9. 4. Types of Listening a. You hear only what you want to hear. You hear
some of the message and immediately begin
to formulate your reply or second guess the speaker
without waiting for the speaker to finish.
1. Inactive listening
2. Selective listening
b. This is active listening when you also work to
clarify what the speaker is saying and make sure
there is mutual understanding.
3. Active listening
c. You hear the words, but your mind is wandering
and no communication is taking place.
4. Reflective Listening
d. You listen closely to content. You try to block out
barriers to listening. Most importantly, you are
non-judgmental and empathetic.

10. 5. How to select listening texts
Webpages
(Elllo.org - Học tiếng Anh online + Audacity: Trình ghi âm và biên tập âm thanh tự do)
Radio, television, ….
CD/ VCD…

11. 6. Listening item types 1. Matching tasks
2. Completion tasks (fill-in-the-blanks/gap exercises)
Form completion
Sentence completion
Notes completion
3. Plan/ Map/ Diagram labeling
4. Multiple choice
5. Short – answer questions

12. 7. Considerations for creating listening tests
Text types (narrative, descriptive etc.)
Speech types (dialogues, monologues)
Mode of listening: audio, video, reader
Varieties of English
Scripted or unscripted
Length of listening, number of exchanges in dialogues

13. Listening Assessment Tips
Make sure students have enough contextualization to understand the listening text
Provide a communicative purpose for the listening
Focus on assessing the listening skills, not spelling, grammar etc.
Include both detail questions and meaning questions
Don’t expect full comprehension
Consider integrating skills in the types of questions: discrimination of phonemes, paraphrase recognition, short answers, cloze, dictation, information transfer tasks, note-taking

14. Listening sample task
( FCE listening test )

15. A perfect listening material….
Japan suggests that the following are among the reasons for teachers' satisfaction with particular listening materials:
1) good for starting discussions
2) can be used for self-access learning
3) contains a variety of tasks
4) entertaining and amusing
5) easy to use
6) practices guessing from context
7) uses authentic material
8) integrates different skills