1. 1 INFLUENCE OF MAIZE-BASED CAPs ON PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND SOIL FERTILITY IN RAINFED UPLANDS OF ODISHA, INDIA Prof. P. K. Roul, Associate Director of Research & Host Country P.I., SMARTS Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar Orissa, India

2. 2 RAINFED UPLANDS IN ODISHA Rainfed agriculture in Odisha comprises  71% of total cropped area  72% kharif cropped area  64% of rabi cropped area Land types in Odisha Up land 45% Medium land 30% Low land 25% ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

3.  Degradation of natural resources  Lowering of production efficiency  Increasing poverty, malnutrition, starvation  Threatened agricultural biodiversity and food security ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR 3 Rainfed Uplands suffer from

4. ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR Join Hands for a Conservation Agriculture based Participatory Research on: “ SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR TRIBAL SOCIETIES (SMARTS) ” Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar & University of Hawaii, USA With support from 4 In Rainfed Tracts of Odisha

5. ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR Analytical Hierarchy Process surveys Perception and preference for CAPS WORKSHOP MARCH 2011 5 Objectives  Socio-economic surveying of farm households to study current farming practices, production rates, & income  Establishing prefered crop-based CAPs  Assess yield, income and soil effects

6. 6 TillageSeason Rainy season (June-October) Post rainy season, (November-January) ConventionalMaizeMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow ConventionalMaize + cowpeaMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow MinimumMaizeMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow MinimumMaize + cowpeaMustard/ Horsegram/ Fallow

7. 7 Treatment Plant ht at harvest (cm) LAIat 60 DAS No.of cob plant -1 Length of cob (cm) Weight of dry cob (g) Numb er of seeds cob -1 1000 seed weight (g) Grain Yield (qha -1 ) Stover Yield (qha -1 ) Conventional tillage-Maize 352.9 4.18 1.224.0156.4327.5343.352.199.00 Conventional tillage – Maize+ cowpea 305.3 3.49 1.121.7135.6278.8342.944.478.00 Minimum tillage-Maize 301.5 3.35 1.020.7132.1269.8242.543.077.20 Minimumtillage- Maize+cowpea 348.8 4.03 1.224.5153.2317.8343.550.192.70 SEm(±) 8.78 0.11 0.040.583.868.2514.181.101.91 CD(P=0.05) 30.39 0.37 NS1.1613.128.54NS4.167.25 Table 1.Effect of tillage and intercropping on yield attributing characters, grain and stover yield of maize

8. 8 Table 2:Effect of tillage, maize- based cropping on yield of maize associated crops Treatments Cowpea yield (qha -1 ) Toria yield (qha -1 ) Horse gram yield (qha -1 ) PodStoverSeedStalkSeedStover Conventional tillage -Maize- Fallow ------ Conventional tillage -Maize- Toria --8.2516.50-- Conventional tillage-Maize- Horse gram ----6.8620.00 Conventional tillage- Maize+Cowpea-Fallow 16.409.70---- Conventional tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Toria 16.409.7010.2021.93-- Conventional tillage-Maize+Cowpea- Horse gram 16.409.70--11.4536.50 Minimum tillage-Maize-Fallow ------ Minimum tillage-Maize-Toria --7.1013.13-- Minimum tillage-Maize-Horse gram ----6.6219.00 Minimum tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Fallow 12.407.00---- Minimum tillage-Maize+Cowpea-Toria 12.407.009.8020.58-- Minimum tillage -Maize+Cowpea- Horse gram 12.407.00--8.6526.00 ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

9. 9 Table 3. Effect of tillage and cropping on productivity (maize equivalent yield, q ha -1 ) and economics of maize-based system Treatment Main plot (Rainy season treatments) System producti vity Per day productivity (MEY, qha -1 day -1 ) Cost of Cultivation (Rs ha -1 ) Goss Return (Rs ha -1 ) Net Return (Rs ha -1 ) Return Per rupee invested Conventional tillage-Maize 63.03 15.84 33661 55466218051,76 Conventional tillage- Maize+cowpea 85.83 23.48 41479 75430339501.91 Minimum tillage-Maize 52.73 14.45 35757 55724135141.50 Minimum tillage- Maize+cowpea 84.40 23.12 38191 74260342411.92 SEM (±) 1.04 0.79 - 10003830.02 CD (P = 0.05) 3.59 2.72 - 346213250.08 Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover crop 59.7315.24 26687 52394260002.00 Toria as cover crop 84.7823.23 35882 74606372612.03 Horse gram as cover crop 70.0819.20 47811 61670143721.29 SEM (±) 0.360.62 - 3765640.04 CD (P = 0.05) 1.081.85 - 112616900.13 ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

10. 10 Main plot (Rainy season treatments) Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover cropToria as cover crop Horse gram as cover crop Conventional tillage-Maize52.1075.5461.45 Conventional tillage-Maize+cowpea73.35101.3383.80 Minimum tillage-Maize43.0063.1752.03 Minimum tillage-Maize+cowpea71.0499.0883.04 Main×SubSub-Main SEm(±)0.721.58 CD(P=0.05)2.1613.99 Table 4. Effect of tillage and cropping on productivity (maize equivalent yield, q ha -1 ) of system

11. 11 Table 5. Effect of tillage and cropping on soil fertility under maize-based system Treatment Main plot (Rainy season treatments) pH(1:2.5)BD (Mgm -3 ) Organic Carbon (g kg -1 ) InitialFinalInitialFinalInitialFinal Conventional tillage-Maize 7.45 7.40 1.33 1.356.305.68 Conventional tillage- Maize+cowpea 7.50 7.45 1.20 6.486.30 Minimum tillage-Maize 7.51 7.47 1.22 1.216.937.10 Minimum tillage-Maize+cowpea 7.56 7.54 1.22 1.206.787.32 Sub plot (Post rainy season treatments) No cover crop 7.52 7.48 1.20 6.616.60 Toria as cover crop 7.50 7.46 1.27 1.266.546.46 Horse gram as cover crop 7.50 7.46 1.26 1.256.736.71. Thus growing maize+cowpea under minimum tillage followed by toria is superior in terms of productivity, profitability and soil fertility. ORISSA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

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