2. MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE Ch 13 sec 1

3. I. A History of Ancient Glory The Mediterranean region had two major advantages that allowed civilization to develop. The mild climate made survival easier. They were able to develop societies and governments because they were not fighting against the elements for survival.

4. I. A History of Ancient Glory The Mediterranean Sea allowed for trade, and trade allows the exchange of ideas. Knowledge spread and increased in the region. One of the first places to develop civilization was Greece. People crossed the Balkan Mountains and moved into the peninsula around 2000 B.C.

5. I. A History of Ancient Glory They moved into areas that were separated by mountains, and developed city-states instead of one united country. Athens developed the idea of democracy, that the people rule instead of a king. It did not last long, but the idea would influence later nations.

6. I. A History of Ancient Glory Athens fights against Persia, then fights Sparta. Alexander the Great then conquers everyone, spreading the ideas and language of Greece all the way to India. Rome develops a republic, where representatives are elected to run the government.

7. I. A History of Ancient Glory Rome begins to build its empire, but trades a republic for an emperor. Christianity spreads throughout the Roman Empire until it becomes the official religion in 395 A.D. The empire splits into Eastern and Western halves in 395 A.D. also, and the Western empire falls in 476 A.D., while the Eastern empire lasts until 1453 A.D.

8. II. Moving Toward Modern Times The Mediterranean peninsulas have different histories after 476 A.D. The Balkan stays in the Eastern Roman Empire, the Italian begins the Renaissance in the 1300’s, and the Iberian begin the age of Exploration in the 1400’s.

9. II. Moving Toward Modern Times Italy became a land of city states, with Venice and Florence becoming wealthy through international trade. The Crusades exposed Europe to goods and foods from many other places, creating a demand for those things.

10. II. Moving Toward Modern Times When the Eastern empire fell, much of their knowledge came to Italy, sparking the Renaissance. This renewed interest in arts and science then spread throughout Europe. Spain was conquered by Muslims in the 700’s, and it wasn’t until 1491 that they were able to drive them out. Once that happened Isabelle and Ferdinand sent out Columbus to find a route to Asia.

11. III. A Rich Cultural Legacy Greece and Rome have influenced art and language in Europe. Several languages of Europe developed from Latin. Christianity developed differently in the East and West. Ruins and architecture continue to influence modern buildings.

12. IV. Economic Change The region started with agriculture and fishing, but in the 20 th century manufacturing has become increasingly important. Many nations of Europe have joined the European Union, which allows countries to support each other economically, and they use a common currency.

13. IV. Economic Change There are still economic problems for the Mediterranean countries. They lack many of the resources needed for an industrialized nation, and must import oil and gas. They are farther away from the more industrialized north, and do not have the industries available to keep their economies profitable.

14. V. Modern Mediterranean Life The region has had much political unrest. Italy and Greece both have unstable governments, that are unable to deal with the problems the country faces. Ethnic groups like the Basque in Spain were fighting for recognition and independence. Urban growth has caused struggles with pollution, services, and housing.

15. In your notebooks Half page summary of the lecture today.