1. Communities & Biomes Chapter 03

2. Abiotic Influences Communities are groups of _____________of different _____________. & the ______________ plays a big role in how big a community will be.

3. Abiotic Influences Food,________,____________, and others can all limit a community’s ability to survive. Therefore these are called _______________Factors If there is a lot a food in an area, but no water what will happen to the community?

4. 1. Limiting Factors Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the_______________, ___________, ____________, or ________________ of organisms Examples ___________, Climate, Temperature, __________, Nutrients/Food, Fire,_____________,_________ Other organisms

5. 2. Tolerance the lower and upper _________ that an organism can survive in. (i.e. saltwater, temperature,_____________, and any other limiting factors…) –A “range of tolerance”

6. 3. Succession Overtime communities___________. __________changes and species ________________in a community are called_______________. Two Types

7. A. Primary Succession Colonization of ___________ by communities of pioneer species (first organisms in an area). Example: After a ___________ flow. http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/successn/primary.htm

8. B. Secondary Succession Colonization after a ______________________________ ____________ Example: after a__________________ http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/successn/second.htm

9. Which type of success is which? How do you know?

11. C. Climax Community ___________, ______ community; Equilibrium has been reached. If a community is allowed to grow to the point where it is fairly stable, there is now, _____ or no change in ___________. Examples: ________________________

12. II. Biomes Biomes are large groups of ________________that share the same type of ________________________. They are the Earth’s Major____________.

13. Earth’s Biomes

14. 1. Aquatic Biomes freshwater biome marine/saltwater/ocean biome

15. a. Freshwater Biome --- low __________concentration — usually less than 1% Examples:  _________________

16. b. Marine Biome ococovers about ___ of the Earth's surface oaoalgae supply most of our _______ and absorb tons of ______________. o_o______________of the seawater provides rainwater for the land (________) Examples: ____________________

17. 2. _________Biome ococovers about _____of the Earth's surface ororainfall is less than ____ cm/year ololow and high altitudes osospecialized plants and animals Examples  _____________  ____________

18. 3. Forest Biomes  ____________  _____________

19. a. Tropical forest o greatest_______________ o nly ______ and _____ seasons o _o ________ hours daylight o always 20 o -25 o C oLoLocation:___________

20. b. Temperate forest oWoWell-defined __________ o with a distinct _________ oMoModerate climate o lose leaves _____________, oEoExamples: ______________ o -30° C to 30° C

21. c. Taiga forest (Boreal) o_o___________ terrestrial biome o short, moist, warm summers & long, cold, and dry winters. o mostly ______________ with needle-like leaves; oEoExamples:_________________ o precipitation is mostly ______

22. 4. Grassland Biome oMoMostly ________ rather than large shrubs or trees. o AKA – ___________ or savannas o ideal for ________ foods o rain in late spring and early summer o large ___________ range/variation o Most have been converted into _______ and _____________

23. Examples:  Arctic tundra - polar – high latitude  Alpine tundra –high altitude -Mtns. 5. Tundra Biome o_o___________ of all the biomes oeoextremely ______ temperatures o_o_____________ precipitation o_o____________ growing seasons oLoLow ______ diversity (little variety in life) oSoSimple small plants/vegetation.