1. Date: March 22, 2016 Aim #65: How can we compare chromosome and gene mutations?? HW: 1) Study! 2)Genetics Test next Tuesday (p.5) & Wednesday (p.1 & p.7)!! –Castle Learning Review posted (optional) 3)Unit 7c due Friday, April 8 th !! Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook DateTitle of Activity Page # 3/22Deciphering the Code 111

2. Aim #65: How can we compare chromosome mutations & gene mutations? Chromosome Gene

3. 1) Chromosome Mutation: Nondisjunction- occurs when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis. Causes a change in chromosome number.

4. 2) Trisomy Vs Monosomy: 3 Copies of a Chromosome 1 copy of a homologous pair Trisomy 21 Monosomy X Down Syndrome Turner Syndrome

5. 3) What causes nondisjunction to occur? No one really knows for sure, but the older the age of the mother the greater the likelihood of having a child with Down Syndrome. Trisomy 21

6. 4) Chromosome Damage: Part of a chromosome is repeated. Part of a chromosome is missing. Reversing a fragment of the chromosome. A fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

7. 1) Gene Mutations: Is due to a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. They can involve large regions of a chromosome or just a single nucleotide pair.

8. 2) Genetic Diseases caused by gene mutations: Cystic Fibrosis Faulty gene produces a defective protein that does not allow for the proper removal of mucous lining the cells of the lung and GI tract.

9. 3) Gene Mutations: Faulty gene produces a defective enzyme which cannot help remove fat from nerve cells. Tay-Sachs Disease

10. 4) Sickle-Cell Anemia: One base is substituted for another and this causes the production of a distorted hemoglobin molecule (protein) which cannot function properly.

11. 5) What do these three gene mutations have in common? They all affect the shape of proteins!! If we change the shape of proteins (enzymes) they will not function properly and this will affect our phenotype.

12. Amoeba Sisters Mutations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo