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The Dark Energy Survey Early Science results Dr A. Kathy Romer (University of Sussex) on behalf of the DES Collaboration June 3 rd 2015, Rencontres de Blois
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Overview Introduction to Dark Energy Survey DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment DES as a multi-probes cosmology experiment Other science and cosmology with DES Summary and future look
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Acknowledgements Talk: – Ashley Ross (U Ohio) - for slide design – DES collaborators for results shown DES: – Funding from National agencies: DOE (USA), NSF (USA), STFC (UK), also Brazil, Spain, Germany, and Swizerland – Funding from DES institutions – NOAO/CTIO for telescope and observatory – DES collaborators for infrastructure contributions
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Introduction to DES Summary: – 5000 sq.deg optical and near-IR imaging survey of the Southern Sky Key equipment: – 4m Blanco Telscope at CTIO (Chile) and a new 570 mega-pixel, 3 sq.deg, camera Experimental strategy: – 100 nights for 5 years – Automated data analysis Figure courtesy of Y Zhang
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Camera and CCDs Introduction to DES
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Fornax Cluster & NGC 1365 Introduction to DES
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Science Motivation Introduction to DES Figure from vms.fnal.gov Constraints on dark energy equation of state through combination of: – Clusters of galaxies – Weak Lensing – Baryon Acoustic Oscillations – Supernovae Type 1a Predictions, not new results!
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Dark Energy Primer Introduction to DES Consider dark energy as a fluid with an equation of state of w; If w<0 then the fluid has negative pressure; If w<-1/3 then it will drive an accelerated expansion; If w=-1 then it was (and will always be) -1 and its time derivative (w a =0); The underlying physics dictates the value of w a. Figure from vms.fnal.gov
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Dark Energy Primer Introduction to DES Consider dark energy as a fluid with an equation of state of w; If w<0 then the fluid has negative pressure; If w<-1/3 then it will drive an accelerated expansion; If w=-1 then it was (and will always be) -1 and its time derivative (w a =0); The underlying physics dictates the value of w a. Figure from vms.fnal.gov
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Dark Energy Primer Introduction to DES Consider dark energy as a fluid with an equation of state of w; If w<0 then the fluid has negative pressure; If w<-1/3 then it will drive an accelerated expansion; If w=-1 then it was (and will always be) -1 and its time derivative (w a =0); The underlying physics dictates the value of w a. Figure from vms.fnal.gov
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Dark Energy Primer Introduction to DES Consider dark energy as a fluid with an equation of state of w; If w<0 then the fluid has negative pressure; If w<-1/3 then it will drive an accelerated expansion; If w=-1 then it was (and will always be) -1 and its time derivative (w a =0); The underlying physics dictates the value of w a. Figure from vms.fnal.gov
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Dark Energy Primer Introduction to DES Consider dark energy as a fluid with an equation of state of w; If w<0 then the fluid has negative pressure; If w<-1/3 then it will drive an accelerated expansion; If w=-1 then it was (and will always be) -1 and its time derivative (w a =0); The underlying physics dictates the value of w a. Figure from vms.fnal.gov
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Good in principle, but will it work in practice? Introduction to DES From Vikram et al. 2015 Yes! Analysis of the DES Science Verification data has shown: DES can measure weak lensing shear across large areas (colour scale); DES can find clusters and estimate their relative masses (grey circles).
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Publications to date related to four main probes Melchoir+, 2015, MNRAS, 449, 2219 – Mass and galaxy distributions of four massive galaxy clusters from Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data Vikram+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0300 – Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from DES Science Verification Data: Methodology and Detailed Analysis Goldstein+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0293 – Automated Transient Identification in the Dark Energy Survey Yuan+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03039 – OzDES multi-fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: first-year operation and results Poci+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02996 – DESAlert: Enabling Real-Time Transient Follow-Up with Dark Energy Survey Data Introduction to DES
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Publications to date related to four main probes Melchoir+, 2015, MNRAS, 449, 2219 – Mass and galaxy distributions of four massive galaxy clusters from Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data Vikram+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0300 – Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from DES Science Verification Data: Methodology and Detailed Analysis Goldstein+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0293 – Automated Transient Identification in the Dark Energy Survey Yuan+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03039 – OzDES multi-fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: first-year operation and results Poci+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02996 – DESAlert: Enabling Real-Time Transient Follow-Up with Dark Energy Survey Data Introduction to DES..Clusters and Weak Lensing....Weak Lensing and Clusters. SSupernovae
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Publications to date related to four main probes Melchoir+, 2015, MNRAS, 449, 2219 – Mass and galaxy distributions of four massive galaxy clusters from Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data Vikram+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0300 – Wide-Field Lensing Mass Maps from DES Science Verification Data: Methodology and Detailed Analysis Goldstein+ 2015 arXiv:1504.0293 – Automated Transient Identification in the Dark Energy Survey Yuan+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03039 – OzDES multi-fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: first-year operation and results Poci+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02996 – DESAlert: Enabling Real-Time Transient Follow-Up with Dark Energy Survey Data Introduction to DES …………. BAO related papers, plus more CL, WL & SN papers, will be submitted to astro-ph in July 2015…………. Top Tip to find DES papers quickly: search for Flaugher on astro-ph
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Additional Science Further Cosmology tests – Strong Lensing – Milky Way Satellite Galaxies – Cluster profiles – Superluminous supernovae – Lensed supernovae – Reverberation mapping of black holes Astronomy & Astrophysics – Superluminous supernovae – First quasars – Objects in the outer solar system – Galaxy evolution – Gamma Ray Bursts – Gravitational Waves – Magellanic Clouds Introduction to DES
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Publications to date related to additional DES science Balbinot+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1129 – The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data Drlica-Wagner, 2015, arXiv:1503.02632 – Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi- LAT Data Simon+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02889 – Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II Bechtol+ 2015, arXiv:1503.02584 – Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data Papadopoulos+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1215 – DES13S2cmm: the first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey Reed+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03264 – DES J0454-4448: Discovery of the First Luminous z>6 Quasar from the Dark Energy Survey Zhang+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02983 – Galaxies in X-ray Selected Clusters and Groups in Dark Energy Survey Data: Stellar Mass Growth of Bright Central Galaxies Since z~1.2 Introduction to DES
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Publications to date related to additional DES science Balbinot+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1129 – The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data Drlica-Wagner, 2015, arXiv:1503.02632 – Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi- LAT Data Simon+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02889 – Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II Bechtol+ 2015, arXiv:1503.02584 – Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data Papadopoulos+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1215 – DES13S2cmm: the first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey Reed+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03264 – DES J0454-4448: Discovery of the First Luminous z>6 Quasar from the Dark Energy Survey Zhang+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02983 – Galaxies in X-ray Selected Clusters and Groups in Dark Energy Survey Data: Stellar Mass Growth of Bright Central Galaxies Since z~1.2 Introduction to DES Magellanic Clouds Dwarf galaxies and dark matter Superluminous SN High redshift QSO Galaxy Evolution
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Publications to date related to additional DES science Balbinot+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1129 – The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data Drlica-Wagner, 2015, arXiv:1503.02632 – Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi- LAT Data Simon+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02889 – Stellar Kinematics and Metallicities in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II Bechtol+ 2015, arXiv:1503.02584 – Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data Papadopoulos+ 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1215 – DES13S2cmm: the first superluminous supernova from the Dark Energy Survey Reed+ 2015 arXiv:1504.03264 – DES J0454-4448: Discovery of the First Luminous z>6 Quasar from the Dark Energy Survey Zhang+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02983 – Galaxies in X-ray Selected Clusters and Groups in Dark Energy Survey Data: Stellar Mass Growth of Bright Central Galaxies Since z~1.2 Introduction to DES Papers on Solar System objects, Strong Lensing, more SLSN, more distant QSOs will be submitted in July
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Community Resource Introduction to DES DECam is availableto the community for 100+ nights a year. – Many of those nights are shared with DES. DES raw data goes public after a year. DES data products go public at regular intervals: think SDSS, but supersized! http://legacysurvey.org/
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Community Resource Introduction to DES Koposov+ arXiv:1503.02079 DECam is availableto the community for 100+ nights a year. – Many of those nights are shared with DES. DES raw data goes public after a year. DES data products go public at regular intervals: think SDSS, but supersized!
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Community Resource Introduction to DES First DES public release will be in 2017 DECam is availableto the community for 100+ nights a year. – Many of those nights are shared with DES. DES raw data goes public after a year. DES data products go public at regular intervals: think SDSS, but supersized!
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Overview Introduction to Dark Energy Survey DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment DES as a multi-probes cosmology experiment Other science and cosmology with DES Summary and future look
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DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment Motivation Clusters currently provide the best single probe constraints on w Clusters have the potential to provide the best constraints on w a from DES Mantz+ 2015, MNRAS, 446, 2205 measurements, not predictions (BUT NOT FROM DES!)
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DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment Motivation Clusters provide some of the best single probe constraints on w a Clusters have the potential to provide the best constraints on w a from DES DES p, not new results!
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) In order to detect hundreds of thousands of clusters out to z~2, DES needs to deliver: Several thousand degrees of multi-colour imaging Better sensitivity than SDSS Good image quality Homogeneous coverage & good calibration Fast, reliable, data processing, plus easy access to data products Overlap with spectroscopic surveys & reliable photometric redshift algorithms DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) In order to detect hundreds of thousands of clusters out to z~2, DES needs to deliver: Several thousand degrees of multi-colour imaging Better sensitivity than SDSS Good image quality Homogeneous coverage & good calibration Fast, reliable, data processing, plus easy access to data products Overlap with spectroscopic surveys & reliable photometric redshift algorithms DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment SDSS covers more than twice the area of DES. Produced over 80k clusters (Rykoff+ 2014)
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SDSS clusters have already tested cosmological models DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment Rozo+ 09
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SDSS only probed to z~0.55 DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment SDSS only probes Clusters to z~0.55
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DES probes to redshift>1 DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment SDSS covers more than twice the area of DES. Produced over 80k clusters (Rykoff+ 2014) High redshift clusters discovered in the DES Science verificaiton Data: contours show the intensity of the X-ray emission from the clusters
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) In order to detect hundreds of thousands of clusters out to z~2, DES needs to deliver: Several thousand degrees of multi-colour imaging Better sensitivity than SDSS Good image quality Homogeneous coverage & good calibration Fast, reliable, data processing, plus easy access to data products Overlap with spectroscopic surveys & reliable photometric redshift algorithms DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment Vikram+ 2015
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) In order to detect hundreds of thousands of clusters out to z~2, DES needs to deliver: Several thousand degrees of multi-colour imaging Better sensitivity than SDSS Good image quality Homogeneous coverage & good calibration Fast, reliable, data processing, plus easy access to data products Overlap with spectroscopic surveys & reliable photometric redshift algorithms DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock that potential? (Infrastructure) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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Publications to date related to DES infrastructure Sanchez+ 2014, MNRAS, 445, 1482 – Photometric redshift analysis in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data Banerji+ 2015, MNRAS, 446, 2523 – Combining Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data with near- infrared data from the ESO VISTA Hemisphere Survey Bruderer+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02778 – Calibrated Ultra Fast Image Simulations for the Dark Energy Survey Flaugher+ 2015, arXiv:1504.02900 – The Dark Energy Camera Dietrich+ 2014, MNRAS, 443, 1713 – Orientation bias of optically selected galaxy clusters and its impact on stacked weak-lensing analyses Introduction to DES
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How do we unlock that potential (Analysis)? In order to make use of the DES cluster detections for cosmology we need: Good cluster finding algorithms A reliable mass proxy Quantification of the scatter of the mass- observable relation DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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Thousands of clusters found already DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment Vikram+ 2015
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How do we unlock that potential (Analysis)? In order to make use of the DES cluster detections for cosmology we need: Good cluster finding algorithms A reliable mass proxy Quantification of the scatter of the mass- observable relation DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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DES benefits from overlap with XCS and SPT XMM Cluster Survey (X-ray) (e.g. Mehrtens et al. 2012) South Pole Telescope (Microwave) (e.g. et al. 2015) DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment
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DES confirming XCS clusters XCS providing mass scaling Red contours show the intensity of the X-ray emission from the clusters
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DES confirming XCS clusters XCS providing mass scaling
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Optically selected DES clusters from the Science Verification region Figure courtesy of A Bermeo DES Preliminary
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DES confirming XCS clusters XCS providing mass scaling Optically selected SDSS clusters Figure courtesy of A Bermeo
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DES confirming XCS clusters XCS providing mass scaling Combined sample SDSS and DES-SV Figure courtesy of A Bermeo DES Preliminary
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DES confirming SPT clusters SPT providing mass scaling Circles show SPT clusters that were confirmed with DES. Ignore the coloured symbols: only the black ones are used for the scaling relation.
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XCS and SPT agree XCS determined X-ray temperature Figure courtesy of P Rooney SPT determined Compton-Y signal
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Overview Introduction to Dark Energy Survey DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment DES as a multi-probes cosmology experiment Other science and cosmology with DES Summary and future look
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How do we unlock the potential of weak lensing in DES? Infrastructure Similar to cluster requirements, plus: Better image quality The need to build up the depth on different nights Analysis Understanding systematics Measuring Shears DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment Vikram+ 2015
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WL team now working on a much larger area DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment
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How do we unlock the potential of BAO in DES? Infrastructure Similar to cluster requirements, plus: As “round” a footprint as possible Better photometric redshifts Analysis Simulations Understanding galaxy bias & evolution DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment Results from DES-SV already as good as previous state of the art
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How do we unlock the potential of Supernovae in DES? Infrastructure A completely different survey to CL, WL & BAO! Much smaller, but observed every 6 days Follow-up spectroscopy Analysis Identification of transients Identification of SN1a Understanding the role of the galaxy host Yuan+ 2015 DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment subms
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DES Supernova Survey DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment
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DES Supernova Survey DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment
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DES Supernova Survey sdsfsfsdfs DES as a multi-probes cosmology Experiment
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Overview Introduction to Dark Energy Survey DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment DES as a multi-probes cosmology experiment Other science and cosmology with DES Summary and future look
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Strong Lenses in DES Other science and cosmology with DES
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HST image (NOT DES!) of a strong lens Other science and cosmology with DES
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Physics of exotic stars From Papadopoulos et al. 2015 Other science and cosmology with DES
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New cosmology probes Other science and cosmology with DES
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Things much closer to home Figure courtesy of K Bechtol
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Things much closer to home Figure courtesy of D Gerdes Other science and cosmology with DES
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Overview Introduction to Dark Energy Survey DES as a Cluster Cosmology Experiment DES as a multi-probes cosmology experiment Other science and cosmology with DES Summary and future look
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Summary and Future DES is well underway: 20+ papers in 2015; first cosmology (from SN1a) in 2016; DR1 in 2017; completion of data taking in 2019. DES will not be the final word in dark energy (or alternative model) studies: many DES members are already working on the next generation of experiment: DESI, LSST, Euclid etc.
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