1. Herbs and Spices

2. Spice A strongly flavored aromatic substance which comes mainly from the stem, root, berry, or seed of a plant. Mainly grown in the tropics

3. Herb Leaf of a plant usually grown in the tropics Dried or fresh

4. History of spices: exploration driven by desire for spices

5. History of spices Ancient times used to flavor and preserve food, in perfumes and as medicines. ( worth weight in gold) Silk road (orange) then spice route (blue)

6. Trade Declined in the middle ages- nothing of value to trade. Crusades- taste for spiced food-11 th century.

7. Turkish Empire cut off land routes (1400’s). Countries send out explorers to develop routes to India and Spice Islands- Moluccas Islands. Portugal- sea routes to India (end of 1400’s). Dutch- dislodged Portuguese and established a base on the Island of Java (1500’s).

8. Spice Today U.S. largest importer- 1 billion pounds annually.

9. Every country has spices typical to that country

10. Freshness of spices Rub spices together and smell, no odor indicates loss of flavor.

11. Herbs Cultivated in gardens, used for flavor, medicine, perfume. Fresh-use 2x the amount of dried. Dried herbs or spices are more concentrated. Hardy, easy to grow. Annuals and perennials.

12. http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/arabian-recipes.php http://venice.umwblogs.org/exhibit/early-modern-venetian- clothing/trade/ http://venice.umwblogs.org/exhibit/early-modern-venetian- clothing/trade/ http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/RiseofIslam/Crusad es.html http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/RiseofIslam/Crusad es.html http://www.ehow.com/how_8609448_can-import-spice- legally.html http://www.ehow.com/how_8609448_can-import-spice- legally.html http://www.bombayharbor.com/Product/1463/Indian_Spices.html http://whatscookingamerica.net/LeaSchneider/PossibleBeOutdated _spices.htm http://whatscookingamerica.net/LeaSchneider/PossibleBeOutdated _spices.htm http://www.sunset.com/garden/backyard-projects/raised-box- herb-garden-00400000016298/