1. Vacuum, Charging and Recovery Sugiyanto, S.T., M.Eng. Sugiyanto.ugm@gmail.com

2. Review : Refrigerant Refrigerants are substances that are used to absorb and transport heat for the purpose of cooling. The most common refrigerants used in mechanical refrigeration systems today are Refrigerant- 123 (or R-123), R-134a, and R-22. Ammonia (R-717) and, under certain operating pressures, even water (R-718) and carbon dioxide (R-744) can be used a refrigerants

3. Classification of fluids used as refrigerants

5. Refrigerant cylinder

6. Review : Effect of Transferring Heat SENSIBLE HEAT LATEN HEAT

7. Review : Refrigeration Systems

8. Review : Basic Refrigeration Systems

9. Heat of vaporization of water Refrigeration cycle

10. Refrigeration Cycle

11. Heat of compresion

12. Expansion Device

13. Vacuum and Charging Equipments

14. Refrigerant Recovery Equipment

15. Gauge manifold

17. Portable charging cylinder and digital scale

18. Gauge manifold used with vacuum pump

19. Component part for a general unit used for evacuating and charging a systems A.Charging Cylinder B.Vacuum pump C.Gauge manifold D.Pressure tube adaptor

20. Connecting of gauge manifold A.Some systems have both a suction seflice valve and a discharge seryice valve. B.Some havi a suchon semce valve adaptor mounted on the comprcssor C.Some do not have any service vatves, but do have a process tube D.Some have a process tube that is too short or inaccessible. In such systems, a piercing valve is used. It is attached to either the liquid line, the suction line, or both.

21. The most popular way to purge the service line When connecting refrigerant lines or gauge manifold to any refrigerating system, keep the system clean. The lines, gauges, and manifold must be free of dirt, moisture, and air. The manifold should be purged with the same refrigerant used in the system. The manifold and connecting lines must be purged before the system service valve is opened. They must also be purged before using a piercing valve stem to open the tubing. Loosen the line fitting on the system service valve at C, then open valve B. Open cylinder line valve E just a little. Repeat the same procedure for valves D, A, and E. The cylinder refrigerant will purge all the lines and the manifold of air and moisture.

22. Service Valve

23. Service valve mounted on hermetic system may be used for many purposes To check internal pressure To discharge the system or add refrigerant To add oil To evacuate the system To make it easier to replace driers, motor compressor, evaporator and refrigerant controls To recharge the system

24. Three types of piercing valves A.Charge-and tap valve. B.Hand valve type C.Line-tap type with hexagonal wrench

25. Adding oil to the system

26. Recovery

27. Vacuum

28. Triple Evacuation Process

29. Low Side Charging

30. High Side Charging

32. The following step use charging cylinder

33. References Althouse, Andrew Daniel, 2004, Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, The Goodheart-Willcox Company Inc, USA ------,2000, A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic, American Standard Inc, USA