1. Instruments of the Orchestra

2. There are four “families” of instruments Woodwinds Strings Brass Percussion

3. Woodwinds Air is used to push sound waves from the instrument to our ear. Faster sound waves make higher pitch Smaller instruments make higher pitch

4. Woodwinds At one time all woodwind instruments were made of hollow wooden tubes (modern flutes are made of metal) Saxophone is considered a woodwind instrument because it uses a reed (like clarinet, bassoon and oboe) From smallest to largest, woodwind instruments are Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, Clarinet and Bassoon

5. http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm

6. Strings The horsehair on the bow, when pulled across the string of an orchestra instrument sets the string in a back and forth motion The string can be plucked with the finger as well, just like the guitar family. This technique is called pizzicato.

7. Strings From highest to lowest, the orchestra strings are Violins (separated into first and second sections) Viola, ‘Cello and Double Bass Guitar, mandolin, banjo and those kind of string instruments are plucked or strummed Technically, the piano, is a “keyboard chordaphone,” but is often considered more of a percussion instrument

8. http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm

9. Brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) Modern brass instruments are either brass (gold colored) or nickel-silver alloy (silver) Sound is created by the performer “buzzing” into a mouthpiece From highest to lowest you have trumpet, French horn, Trombone and Tuba Bands include alto horn, baritone horn (variations of the tuba)

10. http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm

11. There are two types of percussion instruments Percussion instruments of indefinite pitch (“you can’t sing the note a drum makes”) that includes most drums, shakers, cymbals, etc. …and percussion instruments with definite pitch (a note you can sing, or define in notation) that includes xylophone, bells, vibraphone and timpani (a drum with definite pitch!) Phone means “sound” in Greek

12. Percussion instruments are classified by how the sound is made: Membranophone: a skin or “drum head” that is struck with a stick or mallet (snare drum, bass drum, quad drums, tom-tom drums— indefinite pitch) Idiophone: an instrument that uses ‘itself’ to make sound, like tambourine, shaker, cymbals Pitched Idiophones: instruments like bells, xylophone, vibraphone—with definite pitch

13. http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/ka mien9e/part01/chapter02/youngpersonsguid e/brittenguideinteractive.htm

14. RIP Ronnie Montrose (1947-2012) With Van Morrison (late 60’s) “Wild Night” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foplyX_nu dM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foplyX_nu dM With Edgar Winter (1972) “Frankenstein” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIldF- pGUCU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIldF- pGUCU Rock Candy (Montrose 1973) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUeuAnM NDhA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUeuAnM NDhA