1. MGT100 Organization and Management Topic IV

2. 2 Social responsibility and managerial ethic ContentContent –Managerial ethics –Criteria for ethical decision making –Factors affecting ethical choices –Social responsibility and organizational stakeholders –Evaluating corporate social performance –Ethical challenges in turbulent times –Summary

3. 3 Managerial Ethics Three domains of human actionThree domains of human action Domain of ethics (social standard) Domain of ethics (social standard) Domain of free choice (personal standard) Domain of free choice (personal standard) Amount of Explicit Control Domain of codified law (legal standard) Domain of codified law (legal standard) Low High

4. 4 Managerial Ethics Ethics –T–T–T–The code of moral principles and values that govern the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong Ethical dilemma –A–A–A–A situation that arises when all alternative choices or behaviors have been deemed undesirable because of potentially negative consequences, making it difficult to distinguish right from wrong

5. 5 Criteria for Ethical Decision Making Utilitarian approachUtilitarian approach –The greatest good for the greatest number Individualism approachIndividualism approach –Promote the individual’s best long-term interests Moral-rights approachMoral-rights approach –Best maintain the rights of those people affected by them Justice approachJustice approach –Based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality

6. 6 Factors Affecting Ethical Choices The managerThe managerThe managerThe manager The organizationThe organization –Developing a code of ethics –Conducting training courses –Providing protection for so-called “whistleblowers” –Importance of behaviors of top management

7. 7 Three Levels of Personal Moral Development Follows rules to avoid punishment. Acts in own interest. Follows rules to avoid punishment. Acts in own interest. Lives up to expectations of others. Fulfills duties and obligations of social system. Upholds laws. Follows self-chosen principles of justice and right. Aware that people hold different values and seeks creative solutions to ethical dilemmas. Balances concern for individual with concern for common good. Level 1 Preconventional Level 2 Conventional Level 3: Postconventional Leadership style: Autocratic Guiding Transforming Employee behavior: Task Work group Empowered employees, accomplishment collaboration full participation 前惯例层次： 只受个人利益的影响。决 策的依据是本人利益，这 种利益是由不同行为方式 带来的奖赏和惩罚决定的 阶段： 遵守规则以避免受到物 质惩罚 只在符合你的直接利益 时才遵守规则 惯例层次： 受他人期望的影响。包 括对法律的遵守，对重 要人物期望的反应，以 及对他人期望的一般感 觉 阶段： 做你周围的人所期望的 事 通过履行你允诺的义务 来维持平常秩序 原则层次： 受个人用来辨别是非的道 德准则的影响。这些准则 可以与社会的规则或法律 一致，也可以与社会的规 则或法律不一致 阶段： 尊重他人的权利。在自 身价值观和权利的选择上 ，置多数人的意见于不顾 遵守自己选择的道德准 则，即使这些准则是违背 法律的

8. 8 Social Responsibility and Organizational stakeholders Social responsibility –T–T–T–The obligation of organization management to make decisions and take actions that will enhance the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization –C–C–C–Covering a range of issues, many of which are ambiguous with respect to right or wrong

9. 9 Stakeholder –A–A–A–Any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance –E–E–E–Each stakeholder has a different criterion of responsiveness because it has a different interest in the organization

10. 10 Evaluating corporate social performance Total Corporate Social ResponsibilityTotal Corporate Social Responsibility Economic Responsibility Be profitable Economic Responsibility Be profitable Legal Responsibility Obey the law Legal Responsibility Obey the law Ethical Responsibility Be ethical Do what is right Avoid harm Ethical Responsibility Be ethical Do what is right Avoid harm Discretionary Responsibility Contribute to the Community and Quality of life Discretionary Responsibility Contribute to the Community and Quality of life

11. 11 Ethical challenges in turbulent time Economic performanceEconomic performance –Managers: good citizenship will hurt performance—ethics programs cost money –Scholars: positive relationship Social entrepreneursSocial entrepreneurs –Entrepreneurial leaders who are committed to both good business and changing the world for the better

12. 12 Summary The norms and values of the team, department, or organization as a whole have a profound influence on ethical behavior. If unethical behavior is tolerated or even encouraged, it becomes routineThe norms and values of the team, department, or organization as a whole have a profound influence on ethical behavior. If unethical behavior is tolerated or even encouraged, it becomes routine Issues relating to ethics and social responsibility in business are rarely simple, and rarely have a clear-cut answer or response, but maintaining high standards of ethics and social responsibility will lead the way toward a brighter future for both business and societyIssues relating to ethics and social responsibility in business are rarely simple, and rarely have a clear-cut answer or response, but maintaining high standards of ethics and social responsibility will lead the way toward a brighter future for both business and society

13. Tips for English studies Reading articles without dictionaries—try to guess words through the content

14. Tips for English studies If you like surfing on-line, try to chat with others in English