1. CHAPTER 5 NAVY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 5 NAVY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MODULE: NAVAL KNOWLEDGE UNIT 2: NAVAL OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT FUNCTIONS MODULE: NAVAL KNOWLEDGE UNIT 2: NAVAL OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

2. Introduction

3. Research and development (R&D) in the DoD and its military branches is a major effort in terms of personnel, money, and materials. A Major Effort

4. Joint Strike Fighter Many of these programs are conducted jointly by the services.

5. The U.S. Coast Guard is also an active participant in the research and development program. Coast Guard Participation

6. Navy R&D Management

7. Under DoD, the Secretary of the Navy has policy control over Navy R&D. Secretary of the Navy

8. The Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Engineering, and Systems is responsible for management and control of R&D matters. Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Engineering, and Systems

9. The Chief of Naval Research is in charge of the Navy’s basic research program. Chief of Naval Research

10. Under the CNO, the Long-Range Objectives Group prepares operational objectives for 15 years into the future. Under the CNO, the Long-Range Objectives Group prepares operational objectives for 15 years into the future. Admiral Vern Clark Long-Range Objectives Group

11. Predicted threats Trends in national policy State of the technical arts Predicted threats Trends in national policy State of the technical arts Basis of Long-Range Objectives

12. These long-range objectives are stated in terms of research and development. Long-Range Objectives (Continued)

13. The CNO issues requirements based on the stated needs of the operating forces. Long-Range Objectives (Continued)

14. Topic Review

15. Q. Who manages the Navy’s R&D program? Reference Study Guide Question #1

16. Q. Who manages the Navy’s R&D program? A. Under the secretary of defense, the secretary of the Navy has policy control over the Navy R&D organization. Under the Navy secretary is the assistant secretary of the Navy for research, engineering, and systems. The top adviser to these two leaders is the chief of naval research. The chief of naval research is in charge of the basic research program of the Navy, coordinating all Navy efforts with the systems commands. Reference Study Guide Question #1

17. Office of Naval Research

18. In 1946, Congress authorized the formation of the Office of Naval Research (ONR). Formation of the ONR (1946)

19. Navy Secretary James Forrestal recommended formation of the ONR. Navy Secretary James Forrestal recommended formation of the ONR. Formation of the ONR (Continued)

20. The office is responsible for planning and conducting a coordinated research effort in every field of basic science, in conjunction with the applied research and engineering development programs of the Navy. Office of Naval Research (ONR)

21. University research laboratories are the principal source of fundamental scientific knowledge in the U.S.

22. The ONR has started the largest peacetime research program at educational and nonprofit institutions ever supported by a federal agency. The ONR has started the largest peacetime research program at educational and nonprofit institutions ever supported by a federal agency. ONR Started Largest Program

23. Remote Mine Detectors Contract research programs advance those fields of science and engineering vital to naval needs and national security.

24. The ONR conducts research in: Information systems Electronics and surveillance Ocean, atmospheric, and space technology Engineering, materials, and physical science Human systems Expeditionary warfare Industrial and corporate programs The ONR conducts research in: Information systems Electronics and surveillance Ocean, atmospheric, and space technology Engineering, materials, and physical science Human systems Expeditionary warfare Industrial and corporate programs ONR Research

25. Recent focus within naval science and technology program: Power generation and energy Maritime domain studies Information, analysis, and communication Naval warrior performance and protection Survivability and self-defense Defense against Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) Other cutting-edge technologies pertinent to naval warfare Recent focus within naval science and technology program: Power generation and energy Maritime domain studies Information, analysis, and communication Naval warrior performance and protection Survivability and self-defense Defense against Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) Other cutting-edge technologies pertinent to naval warfare ONR Research (Continued)

26. Topic Review

27. Q. What is the mission of the Office of Naval research? Reference Study Guide Question #2

28. Q. What is the mission of the Office of Naval research? A. The ONR is charged with planning and conducting coordinated research in every field of basic science, in conjunction with the applied research and engineering development programs of the Navy. Reference Study Guide Question #2

29. Naval Research Laboratory

30. The NRL is located in Washington, D.C. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

31. It is the corporate research and development laboratory of the Office of Naval Research (ONR). It is the corporate research and development laboratory of the Office of Naval Research (ONR). It conducts programs of scientific research in new materials, techniques, equipment, systems, ocean, atmospheric, and space sciences, and related technologies. It conducts programs of scientific research in new materials, techniques, equipment, systems, ocean, atmospheric, and space sciences, and related technologies. NRL (Continued)

32. Naval Air Warfare Center Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center Naval Surface Warfare Center Naval Undersea Warfare Center Naval Air Warfare Center Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center Naval Surface Warfare Center Naval Undersea Warfare Center What the NRL Supports

33. Topic Review

34. Q. What kinds of research does the Naval Research Laboratory do? Reference Study Guide Question #3

35. Q. What kinds of research does the Naval Research Laboratory do? A. The NRL conducts research in the physical, engineering, space, and environmental sciences. Reference Study Guide Question #3

36. Naval Oceanographic Research Program Naval Oceanographic Research Program

37. The primary military objective of the Navy’s oceanographic program is to advance the knowledge of ocean, coastal, and seabed areas for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of naval and other military weapons systems. The primary military objective of the Navy’s oceanographic program is to advance the knowledge of ocean, coastal, and seabed areas for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of naval and other military weapons systems. Primary Military Objective

38. Nonmilitary Objective A secondary, nonmilitary objective is to advance the knowledge of all aspects of the ocean, coastal, and seabed areas to enable exploitation of these areas for economic, scientific, social, political, and prestige gains.

39. National defense takes priority over other goals of the oceanographic effort. The Priority is National Defense

40. The Navy is obligated to support the nonmilitary objectives of the national oceanographic program. The Navy is obligated to support the nonmilitary objectives of the national oceanographic program. Navy Obligation to Support

41. The Navy also cooperates with national and private organizations devoted to the study of marine environment. The Navy also cooperates with national and private organizations devoted to the study of marine environment. Navy Cooperation

42. Some of the Navy’s work is carried by private oceanographic organizations. Scripps Oceanographic Institute in California Scripps Oceanographic Institute in California

43. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts

44. Other work is done by universities and technical naval agencies such as: Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Naval Oceanographic Office (NOO) Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Other work is done by universities and technical naval agencies such as: Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Naval Oceanographic Office (NOO) Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Universities and Technical Naval Agencies Universities and Technical Naval Agencies

45. Advanced Research

46. Advanced research projects are conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). DARPA

47. The purpose of DARPA is to prevent technological surprise from harming U.S. security by sponsoring research in areas of high risk. The Purpose of DARPA

48. DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security DARPA’s Structure

49. DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security 2. Operational dominance, development of advanced systems and technologies that give U.S. military forces a decisive edge over prospective enemies DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security 2. Operational dominance, development of advanced systems and technologies that give U.S. military forces a decisive edge over prospective enemies DARPA’s Structure

50. DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security 2. Operational dominance, development of advanced systems and technologies that give U.S. military forces a decisive edge over prospective enemies 3. High-risk high-payoff technologies that enable quantum leaps in U.S. military capabilities DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: 1. National-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security 2. Operational dominance, development of advanced systems and technologies that give U.S. military forces a decisive edge over prospective enemies 3. High-risk high-payoff technologies that enable quantum leaps in U.S. military capabilities DARPA’s Structure

51. Under the national-level problem areas are programs that provide support for the global war against terrorism, and protection against biological warfare. DARPA and National-Level Problems

52. One project is the development of advanced manned and unmanned combat systems. DARPA’s Current Research Projects

53. Another DARPA project is development of advanced C4 (command, control, communications and computer) systems. DARPA’s Current Research Projects (Continued)

54. Networking Brain-machine Interface technology Biochemistry Biomagnetics Microelectromechanical systems Networking Brain-machine Interface technology Biochemistry Biomagnetics Microelectromechanical systems R&D for Advanced High-Risk High-Payoff Technologies R&D for Advanced High-Risk High-Payoff Technologies

56. Topic Review

57. Q. What is DARPA? Reference Study Guide Question #4A

58. Q. What is DARPA? A. DARPA is an acronym for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The purpose of this agency is to prevent technological surprise from harming U.S. security by sponsoring research in areas of high risk in terms of commercial applicability and profit potential, which private enterprises would be reluctant to take on. Reference Study Guide Question #4A

59. Q. What are the three main DARPA program areas? Reference Study Guide Question #4B

60. Q. What are the three main DARPA program areas? A. DARPA’s program is structured in three major areas: national-level problems involving threats to U.S. national security; operational dominance, wherein advanced systems and technologies are developed that will give U.S. military forces a decisive edge over prospective enemies; and high- risk high-payoff technologies that will enable quantum leaps in U.S. military capabilities. Reference Study Guide Question #4B