2. Guiding Principle of Public Safety Cargo being transported on the highway must remain secured on or within the transporting vehicle: –Under all conditions expected to occur in normal driving conditions –When a driver is responding in emergency situations; short of a crash.

3. Safe Loading § 392.9 Tailgate, tailboard, doors, tarpaulins, spare tire and other equipment used in its operation, and the means of fastening the commercial motor vehicle's cargo, are secured Cargo is properly distributed and adequately secured

4. § 392.9 Spare Tire

5. 8 Sections of “General Rules” 393.100 – 393.114 PLUS

6. 11 Sections of “Cargo Specific Rules” 393.116 – 393.136

7. 393.116 Logs 393.118 Building Products 393.120 Metal Coils 393.122 Paper Rolls Cargo Specific Rules

8. 393.124 Concrete Pipe 393.126 Intermodal Containers 393.128 Autos – Light Trucks 393.130 Heavy Equipment Cargo Specific Rules

9. 393.132 Crushed Cars 393.134 Roll-Off Containers 393.136 Boulders Cargo Specific Rules

11. Rules Apply To Trucks Truck-Tractors Semi Trailers Full Trailers Pole Trailers 393.100(a)

12. Prevent Loss of Load Leaking Spilling Blowing Falling 393.100(b)

13. Prevent Shifting of Load Upon or Within “To such as extent that the vehicle’s stability or maneuverability is adversely affected” 393.100(c)

14. Lightweight cargo may not effect vehicle stability

15. Heavier cargo may effect vehicle stability

16. Common Securement Methods

17. Common Securement Methods Sided Vehicle

19. Common Securement Methods Secure on & Within

20. Common Securement Methods Tie-downs

21. Minimum Performance 393.102 The means of securing cargo are considered to meet the performance requirements if:  Cargo is immobilized  Fills a sided vehicle / no shifting  Conforms to 393.104 – 393.136

23. Securement Devices No damage or weakening that adversely effects performance or working load limit No cracks or cuts that adversely effect strength 393.104b

24. Tiedowns and securement devices must not contain knots 393.104f1

25. Chains may not be twisted or knotted 393.104f1

26. Chain links may not be stretched or twisted 393.104b

27. “LapLinks” and welding on chain links is not approved 393.104f2

28. “Missing Links” are not approved for chain repair 393.104f2

29. Bolts are not approved 393.104f2

30. Clevis Splice Okay “Cold Shut” links are not approved for chain repair 393.104f2

31. Grab Hooks must have a parallel throat opening 393.104b

32. No Splicing on Straps 393.104f2

33. CVSA OOS Strap / Cut 4” >3/4” 3” >5/8” 2” >3/8” CVSA OOS Strap / Cut 4” >3/4” 3” >5/8” 2” >3/8” 393.104b

34. Anchor Points No damage or weakening that adversely effects performance or working load limit No cracks or damage that adversely effect strength 393.104c

35. Anchor points on cargo must be strong and free of defects

36. Factory anchor points should be given priority

38. Stake pockets may be used. Do you know their strength? Anchor points are not required to be marked with a WLL

39. Each tiedown must be attached and secured to prevent it from Becoming Loose Unfastening Opening Releasing 393.104f3

40. Tiedowns must be inside of rub rail whenever practicable 393.104f4

41. Tiedowns subject to cutting or abrasion are required to have edge protectors 393.104f5

46. 393.106a Applicability This section applies to cargo that has physical structure Cargo that lacks structure – liquids, gases, aggregates, sand, gravel, grain must be transported in an appropriate vehicle and may not leak, blow, fall, or spill.

47. General Requirements Cargo must be: Firmly immobilized or secured on or within a vehicle by a combination of the following -

48. Structures of adequate strength Dunnage or dunnage bags Shoring bars Tiedowns General Requirements 393.106b

49. Dunnage bag inside a trailer

50. Tiedowns inside a trailer

51. Cargo Secured by Tiedowns

52. Placement and Restraint Cargo likely to roll must be restrained by securely mounted: Chocks Wedges Cradle Equivalent Means 393.106c1

53. Cradle and Blocking Cargo Capable of Rolling Cargo Capable of Rolling

54. Multiple Items of Cargo Side by side cargo with transverse tiedowns must be: in Direct contact with each other or Blocked to prevent shifting 393.106c2

55. Transverse Tiedown Direct Cargo Contact Front

56. Transverse Tiedown Direct Cargo Contact Front

57. USE WORKING LOAD LIMIT MBS vs WLL MBS vs WLL X

58. Tiedowns by Weight The minimum number of tiedowns required to secure cargo by weight is determined by the weight of the cargo and the Working Load Limit of the tiedowns used on that cargo 393.106d

59. Total Strength The aggregate Working Load Limit of any securement system must be at least ½ times the weight of the cargo being secured 393.106d

60. Aggregate WLL The aggregate Working Load Limit (WLL) is the sum, or total WLL of all tiedown assemblies used to secure an article of cargo 393.5

61. Aggregate WLL 6,600 WLL Need 25,000 WLL 26,400 Aggregate WLL 50,000 lb Cargo 3/8” Grade 7 = 6,600 WLL

63. Working Load Limit The lowest WLL of any component in an assembly is what determines the WLL for that tiedown 393.108a

64. Binder – 5,400 lbs WLL

65. Chain Marking – Grade 7 3/8” Grade 7 = 6,600 WLL

66. Hook Marking – Grade 8 3/8” Grade 8 = 7,100 WLL

67. Anchor points do not require WLL marking Anchor Point - Unmarked

68. Assembly Rating 3/8 G4 Binder 5,400 WLL 3/8 G7 Chain 6,600 WLL Unmarked Stake Pocket Assembly is rated at 5,400 WLL Lowest WLL 3/8 G8 Hook 7,100 WLL

70. Minimum by Length In addition to securing cargo by weight, a minimum number of tiedowns may be required by cargo length in 393.110

71. Tiedowns by Length Blocked from Forward Movement Not Blocked from Forward Movement Determine if cargo is: 393.110c393.110b

72. Forward movement prevented by direct contact with: Forward Blocked  Front End Structure  Equivalent Device  Other Blocked Cargo

73. One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof Blocked

74. 48 Feet = 5 Tiedowns One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

75. 8’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

76. 12’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

77. 4’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

78. 4’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof Direct Contact Dunnage

79. 18’ Blocked One Tiedown for every 10 Linear Feet of cargo or fraction thereof

80. Not Blocked  5 feet or less in length  1,100 lbs or less in weight Minimum One Tiedown

81. 5 feet or Less in Length and 1,100 lbs or Less Not Blocked 5’

82. 5 feet or Less in Length and 1,100 lbs or Less Not Blocked

83.  5 feet or less in length  More than 1,100 lbs weight Minimum Two Tiedowns

84. 5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked 5’

85. 5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked

86. 5’ 5 feet or Less in Length and More than 1,100 lbs Not Blocked

87.  More than 5 feet to 10 feet or less in length  Regardless of weight Minimum Two Tiedowns

88. More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked 8’

89. More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

90. 8’ More than 5 feet to 10 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

91. Minimum Three Tiedowns  More than 10 feet to 20 feet or less in length  Plus, 1 Additional tiedown for every 10 feet beyond 20 feet, or fraction thereof

92. 18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

93. 18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

94. 18’ More than 10 feet to 20 feet or Less in Length, Any Weight Not Blocked

95. 21’ One Additional for each 10 feet over 20 feet, or fraction thereof Not Blocked

97. Each tiedown must have it’s own form of adjustment

100. Front End Structure

101. Not required, but if used to forward block cargo it must meet size specifications in 393.114. If cargo is in contact, 393.110c will be used to determine minimum tiedowns. Equivalent devices may be used. (there are no size specifications)

102. 393.130 Heavy Equipment The rules in this section apply to the transportation of heavy vehicles, equipment and machinery which operate on wheels or tracks, such as front end loaders, bulldozers, tractors, and power shovels and which individually weigh 10,000 lb. or more.

103. 393.130 Heavy Equipment (1) Accessory equipment, such as hydraulic shovels, must be completely lowered and secured to the vehicle. (2) Articulated vehicles shall be restrained in a manner that prevents articulation while in transit

104. 393.130 Heavy Equipment (3) Heavy equipment or machinery with crawler tracks or wheels must be restrained against movement in the lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical direction using a minimum of four tiedowns. (4) Each of the tiedowns must be affixed as close as practicable to the front and rear of the vehicle, or mounting points on the vehicle that have been specifically designed for that purpose.

105. 60,000 #

106. Proper Securement Matters

107. Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada Truck Driver slammed on the brakes for a red light. The truck stopped - the pipe didn’t!

108. Proper Securement Matters Loose piece of Scrap Iron!