1. Applications: thin form Lion batteries Electrode side Co-extruded electrode + separator film Separator side Graphite (MCMB2528) side 300µ thick SiO 2 / polymer separator side Amtek Research

2. Applications: electrochem capacitors + + + + + + + + + + + + ─ ─ ── ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ + + ++ + + + + + + + + V Double-layer capacitor Energy is stored by charge separation: E = ½ Q V V max depends on electrolyte and electrode stabilities Q max depends on surface area Carbons are chemically inert over a wide potential range, higher surface area gives higher energy density

3. Applications: co-extruded ultra- caps ARI 160 Double-Layer Capacitor Voltage2.5 Capacitance / F160 ESR (mΩ @ 1000Hz)40 Stored Energy / J500 Co-extruded trilayer ultra-capacitor Amtek Research Kabalnova, OSU 2003

4. Applications – automotive power www.world.honda.com www.maxwell.com Hybrid gas/electric and fuel cell cars will implement capacitor energy storage