1. Evidence for Evolution/Common Ancestor Evidence for Evolution/Common Ancestor

2. Provides TRANSITIONAL LINKS between species

3. FOSSILS

5. SIMILAR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

6. 1.Homologous Structures: NOTE: similar structure, but NOT always function! 2.Analogous Structures NOTE: similar FUNCTION, but not STRUCTURE

7. SIMILAR ANATOMY

8. Body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor

9. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES

11. Biochemical Evidence (Similar DNA) Biochemical Evidence (Similar DNA) Almost all living things use the same biochemical molecules such as……… DNA, Protein, ATP

12. WHAT IS EVOLUTION??? WHAT CAN CAUSE EVOLUTION???

13. Mechanisms/Causes of Evolution Notes

14. NATURAL SELECTION

15. MUTATIONS

16. GENE FLOW WHAT DOES THIS EVEN MEAN WHAT’S GOING ON HERE? oror

17. I CAN MATE WITH ONE OF YOU. I WILL DECIDE!!! NON-RANDOM MATING/SEXUAL SELECTION

18. Mechanisms/causes of Evolution Natural Selection Mutations Gene Flow Non Random Mating: Sexual Selection But Wait… There is one more agent

19. Genetic Drift Refers to changes in the population due to chance (random) Not due to natural selection

20. Natural Selection vs. Genetic Drift

21. Genetic Drift Population Before Disaster Occurs Population After

22. Types of Genetic Drift 1.Bottleneck Effect 2. Founder Effect

23. Bottleneck Effect a.Occurs when an event causes a significant percentage of the population or species to be killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing b.Often caused by natural disasters or human interference

24. Bottleneck Effect Model

25. Founder Effect Occurs when a few individuals found a colony and only a fraction of the total genetic diversity of the original population is represented.

26. Founder Effect

27. Example: Amish population Isolated religious sect that descended from a few German ancestors. As many as 1 out of every 14 people carry a recessive allele for unusual form of dwarfism and/or allele for polydactylism (extra fingers) In non-Amish population, only 1 in 1,000 has this allele

28. Let’s Practice a Few.

29. What term would best describe the picture below? Original Population Newly Established Population 1.Founder Effect 2.Bottleneck Effect 3.Mutation 4.I need help with this.

30. What term would best describe the picture below? 1.Founder effect 2.Bottleneck effect 3.Natural selection 4.I need help with this.

31. What mechanism of evolution is shown below? 1.Genetic Drift 2.Gene Flow 3.Mutation 4.Natural Selection

32. What Mechanism of Evolution is shown below? 1.Genetic Drift 2.Gene Flow 3.Natural Selection 4.Mutation

33. In reality, are these conditions achieved in populations? NO So, what do populations actually “do” over time?? EVOLVE

34. Is it possible to detect these changes in a population over a short period of time? YES Hardy-Weinberg provides the evidence!

35. Discuss with your partner the relationship between the terms… allele, genotype, and phenotype, homozygous, and heterozygous.

36. What is a Gene Pool?