2. Henry David Thoreau: It is an obligation for people to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust. Called “civil disobedience”. Was jailed for not paying taxes while U.S. was in Spanish American War Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: “In this world a man must either be the hammer or the anvil.” One shapes the future and the other is shaped by the past. Gandhi: Indian attorney who became famous for his method of “peaceful resistance“ against the ruling English government in India; led to rights for the Indian people and eventual end to English rule.

3.  His other great influence came from his religious upbringing and his formal college training to become a Baptist minister.  Strong sense of morality and of there being a higher law that determines right and wrong

4.  Organized by King after the arrest of Rosa Parks  Followed the practice of nonviolent protest  Raised King up as the biggest leader of the Civil Rights movement  Demands:  Black passengers should be treated with courtesy  Seating should be allotted on a first-come-first serve basis ▪ With white passengers seating from front to back and black passengers from back to front  African American drivers should drive routes that primarily served African Americans

5. Leaflet Given Out Encouraging Support of the Boycott

6.  Created in 1957 by 60 black ministers in Atlanta, GA  MLK was chosen as first president after success in the bus boycotts  Dedicated to ending the discrimination against black southerners in a non-violent manner  Would later take up the issues of Vietnam War and minority poverty

7.  Coordinated  Sit-in movement of 1960 ▪ Sit at segregated counters in demand for desegregation  Freedom Rides of 1961 ▪ Desegregated buses would be driven through the segregated South  Voter education and registration drives in the South  The Birmingham Campaign ▪ Police Cheif Eugene "Bull" Connor, used high-pressure water hoses and police attack dogs ▪ MLK put in Jail ▪ Wrote famous “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

8. “We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.”  Best justification for nonviolence as a political strategy.  Showed how king used love and human kindness as the instrument to overthrow violent hatred and racism  The incident drew international attention and condemnation.

10. “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”  Given during the 1963 March on Washington Encouraged the United States to live up to the promises of it founding  Inspired racial equality movements around the world including the one in South Africa led by Nelson Mandela  Invoked Biblical themes in the call for equality for all people

11.  outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin

12.  MLK and other leaders led a group of nearly 50,000 supporters in a march from Selma to Montgomery, AL  the focus of its efforts to register black voters in the South  Local officials met the marchers with violence on two attempts  LBJ went on the air to voice support for the 3 rd attempt which was successful and call for a new Voting Rights law.

13.  The law sprung from the events that occurred in Selma  Allowed the federal government – U.S. marshals and the Attorney General – to take action against states and local governments that refused to register or allow minorities to vote.

14.  Vietnam War  More young poor black men were drafted and sent to war than white men  More black men were placed in active combat positions and suffered greater injury and losses than white soldiers  MLK began to speak out about the inequality in the conflict  MLK criticized the president for continuing what most saw as an unnecessary war  Poverty and Labor  MLK would support LBJ’s Great Society programs that were created as a part of the “War on Poverty” but be critical of the president for not going far enough to help minorities  MLK also became involved in labor disputes, supporting laborers fighting for better pay and working conditions

15.  Assassination of MLK  April 4, 1968  Killed in Memphis after speaking to a group of striking labor union members  Assassinated by James Earl Ray  Hastened the end of the organized civil rights movement of the 1960s which had already begun to lose steam

16. “The life of a man who symbolized the freedom and faith of America has been taken. But it is the fiber and the fabric of the Republic that is being tested. If we are to have the America that we mean to have, all men -- of all races, all regions, all religions -- must stand their ground to deny violence its victory in this sorrowful time and in all times to come.”