1. Sectionalism in the Antebellum Era WADE IS SEXY BEAST

2. What is sectionalism? loyalty to a particular region or section of a country instead of to the nation as a whole Sectionalism developed in the period after the ratification of the Constitution as the economies, cultures and political interests of the North and the South became more and more different.

4. Why did it develop? developed in the colonial period as a result of the different geographies of the regions. North developed as a trading region of small farms South developed the plantation system After the American Revolution, Northern states passed laws to gradually emancipate their slaves. In the South, the invention of the cotton gin led the South to become even more economically dependent upon slave labor.

5. Abolitionists movement Tension arose as a result of the growing abolitionist movement. Southerners feared the impact of abolitionist movement abolitionists tried to convince others of the evils slavery Southerners claimed that slavery was a ‘positive good,’ because it cared for workers throughout their lives.

6. How did sectionalism arise in SC? Caused by racial tension population shifts political conflicts

7. Racial Tensions Whites continued to be afraid of another slave revolt like the Stono Rebellion White planters in the West Indies told stories of a successful slave revolt in Santo Domingo and told of people being murdered and burned

8. Racial Tensions Attempts at revolts occurred in Columbia 1805 and Ashepoo and Camden 1816 Largest slave revolt was organized by Denmark Vesey in Charleston 1822

9. Denmark Vesey Came to charleston with his owner, Captain Joseph Vesey Had been purchased in the West Indies In 1799, won $1,500 in the lottery Bought his freedom and began working as a carpenter Led the formation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (1815) Believed that God called him to the be the Moses of his people and lead them from slavery

10. Denmark Vesey Recruited blacks to join the movement by traveling from Georgetown to Beufort Estimated that he had around 9,000 volunteers Blacksmiths made pikes and daggers, others stole pistols and powder, barber made wigs and whiskers for disguises Gullah Jack, who practiced voo doo, collected crab claws and parched corn for them to carry in their mouths for protection

12. Denmark Vesey Date set for July 14, 1822 because moon was in the last quarter and a lot of whites would not be in town May 25-Peter Prioleau, a slave, told his master about the revolt His master told the mayor The city council investigated June 16-The govenor called out the militia

13. Denmark Vesey 117 blacks were arrested-79 were brought to trial-69 convicted-35 hanged-37 sold into slavery outside of the state Denmark Vesey and five other leaders were hanged on July 2

14. Result More restrictions were added to existing slave codes Additions: No free black person who left state of his or her free will could return $50 tax had to be paid yearly on all free blacks who were born in SC or had lived there for 5 years Free blacks on ships could not go ashore Any free black over 15 yrs old had to have a guardian Any person aiding in a slave revolt could be put to death

15. Existing Slave code Made it illegal for slaves to: gather in groups Earn money Learn to read Carry an offensive weapon unless in the presence of a white person or had a ticket from owner Carry any type of weapon from sundown on Saturday until sunrise on Monday

16. Existing Slave Code Slaves never allowed to attack a white person except in the defense of their owner Could only wear clothes made from approved coarse fabrics Violation of any of these codes resulted in flogging

17. Result cont. South Carolina built two arsenals (Columbia and the Citadel) to protect the white population Churches began allowing slave owners to join their churches Whites that had spoken out against slavery were now defending the practice

18. Population Shift Industry attracted European immigrants to jobs and allowed the North to have a larger representation in the House of Representatives. South was growing because of the natural increase of the slave population due to higher birth rates and smuggling. 1720’s- there was an African American majority in most Southern states.

19. Internal Population Shift 1790: SC population majority-white 1820:SC population majority-black 52.8% 1860: SC population majority-black 58.6%

21. What caused the population shift? Invention of the cotton gin made cotton a cash crop so more labor was needed Reopening of the slave trade Whites left and moved into Alabama and Mississippi for new land available to plant cotton Economic opportunities in industrial north Free blacks went to the North to escape the presence of slavery