1. Regents Earth Science Unit I: Measurement and Change

2. Chemistry / Physics / Astronomy Biology / Environmental Science Geology / Geography / Meteorology / Oceanography Earth Science

3. What is Earth Science? The study of our planet and the universe around us….

4. Four Parts of Earth Science: 1.Geology—study of our planet

5. 2.Meteorology—study of our atmosphere

6. 3.Astronomy—study of Earth’s motions and other objects in space

7. 4.Oceanography—study of Earth’s oceans

8. How do we study these four parts? Observations: using your 5 senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing) **instruments can help (telescope, microscope, scale)

9. From our observations, we can make… 1.Inferences: guesses about “why” an observation happens (like a hypothesis) You observe a person’s Breath—you infer…

10. 2.Classification: separate things by their traits (“grouping”)

11. Why do we measure objects? To express our observations with greater precision

12. Basic Units of Measurement (no math!) 1.Length: distance between 2 points (mm, cm, m, km) **we will use the Metric System

13. The longer lines on the metric ruler are called… centimeters

14. The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called… millimeters

15. There are…… 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter 100 centimeters in 1 meter 1,000 millimeters in 1 meter 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer

16. 10.5 cm 105 mm Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and millimeters.

17. Measure the Lines in cm & mm

18. 2.Mass: quantity of matter in an object— this is not weight!! (g, kg)

19. 3.Temperature: the amount of kinetic energy (K, °F, °C)

20. Derived Units of Measurement (math is used) 1.Area: Length x Width (mm 2, m 2, km 2 ) 2.Volume: how much space an object takes up (Length x Width x Height) (cm 3,mL)

21. Density: how much “stuff” (mass) is in a certain volume (amount of space) Density = Mass / Volume g/cm 3 or g/mL

22. BlockMaterialMass (g)Volume (cm 3 )Density (g / cm 3 ) 1Steel 2Aluminum 3 Black Plastic 4Wood 5 Clear Acrylic 6Copper 7Bronze

23. What two factors affect density? 1.Temperature *if the temp goes up—density goes down Heat

24. 2.Pressure *if pressure goes up—density goes up Pressure

25. Density Changes with a Phase Change Gas to liquid—density increases Liquid to solid—density increases

26. **with only one exception, solids are more dense than liquids of the same substance WATER! (because ice floats)

27. Changing temperature and pressure are the ONLY factors that affect density!— cutting or changing shape WILL NOT

28. Mr. Longwell Math 1.Determine what the problem is asking for 2.Look in the ESRT’s to find the formula 3.Find the Important information 4.Put the important information into the formula 5.Round (usually to the nearest tenth) 6.Units (we don’t want naked numbers)

29. Is there error in all measurements? YES!!! Percent Error (Deviation) Difference from Accepted Value Percent Error = --------------------------------------------- x 100 Accepted Value No Neg. Numbers

30. What is Change? Alteration of the environment …change can be: 1.Instant 2.Over long periods of time

31. 1.Cyclic Change: events will always repeat themselves in a type of pattern— can be predicted (seasons, moon phases, eclipses) What are the two types of changes?

32. Non-Cyclic Change: events will not repeat themselves in a pattern—not predictable (earthquakes, weather) **most changes are cyclic and predictable

33. Rate of Change: how fast or how slow something changes Change in Field Value Rate of Change = ______________________ Time Speed (mph) distance, temperature

34. Energy Flow and Change…. Interface: boundary between regions with different properties

35. …and the most important theme all year Dynamic Equilibrium: an attempt to BALANCE the changes taking place

36. Scientific Notation Formula: M x 10 n M = a number anywhere from 1 to 9.99999 n = the number of times the decimal has been moved

37. If you move the decimal to the left, n is positive If you move the decimal to the right, n is negative Scientific Notation……

38. Important ESRT Info Formulas are on Front Cover Temperature conversion… (pg. 13)