1. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Graphics

2. 2 What is computer graphics

3. 3 Some research fields of computer graphics

4. 4 Applications of C. G. – 1/4 Display of information Maps GIS (geographic information system) CT (computer tomography) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) PET (positron-emission tomography) Fluid flow, molecular biology, mathematics…

5. 5 Display of Information

6. 6 Applications of C. G. – 2/4 Design CAD (computer-aided design): VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits Together with other tools: architecture or interior design

7. 7 Interior Design

8. 8 Applications of C. G. – 3/4 Simulation and animation Flight simulation – pilot training Games and educational software Benefits: Less cost Less danger, e.g. combination with the VR (virtual reality) techniques can help surgical interns and astronauts

9. 9 Applications of C. G. – 4/4 User interfaces Friendly working environment: windows, icons, menus, pointing devices

10. 10 A Graphics System

11. 11 Rasterization or Scan-conversion Conversion of geometric entities to pixels in the frame buffer

12. 12 Images: Physical and Synthetic Image formation Lighting Shading Properties of materials

13. 13 Objects and Viewers – 1/3 Object: formed from geometric primitives Points, lines, polygons Vertex (pl. Vertices) is the most primitive one Viewer: Locations Viewing angles

14. 14 Objects and Viewers – 2/3

15. 15 Objects and Viewers – 3/3 3D world  2D image

16. 16 Light and Images

17. 17 Synthetic-camera Model Film Plane Projection Plane

18. 18 Single Point Light Source

19. 19 Ray Tracing Penetrating transparent surfaces Reflected by Mirrors Diffuse surfaces Refracted Absorbed

20. 20 Sequence of Images Wireframe Flat shading HSR (Hidden surface removal) Smooth shading Curves and surfaces NURBS, Bezier curves/surfaces Texture mapping Bump mapping, environmental maps, antialiasing…

21. 21 Wireframe

22. 22 Flat Shading

23. 23 Smooth Shading

24. 24 Modeling With Curves/surfaces

25. 25 Bump Mapping

26. 26 Environmental Maps

27. 27 Antialiasing

28. 28 Pipelining Arithmetic pipeline: doubling the throughput! Pipeline Architecture: Geometric pipeline

29. 29 Geometric Pipeline – 1/2 Transformation Conversion between coordinate systems Translation, rotation, scaling Aggregate transforms by matrix multiplications Clipping Could be further pipelined

30. 30 Geometric Pipeline – 2/2 Projection Remaining 3D objects are projected into 2D objects Parallel or perspective projections Rasterization Convert 2D objects into pixels