1. Spread of Islam

2. Muhammad’s Farwell Address at the Mount of Mercy

3. Following Muhammad Islamic leadership needs Abu Bakr (father-in-law) Establishment of Caliphs 2 nd Caliph = Umar 2 nd Caliph = Umar 3 rd Caliph = Uthman 3 rd Caliph = Uthman

5. Shiites versus Sunnis Ali (son-in-law) Mu’awiya (nephew to Uthman) Division between followers Shiite and Sunni Muslims

6. The Umayyads Success of hereditary caliph Capital in Damascus Abd al-Malik (685-705 CE)

7. Great Mosque of Damascus

9. Expansion of Islam and Jihad Conquered territory Middle Eastern / North African conquest European conquest Spain in 711 CE Spain in 711 CE Battle of Tours in 732 CE Battle of Tours in 732 CE Asian conquest Battle of Talas in 751 CE and into Indonesia Battle of Talas in 751 CE and into Indonesia

10. Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain

12. Fall and Rise Umayyad Fall Internal issues over Arab favoritism Internal issues over Arab favoritism Military defeats Military defeats Split in Islam Split in Islam Corruption Corruption Abbasid Rise Uprising of non- Arab Muslims Creation of new capital Increased trade New cultural outlook

13. The Abbasids (750 to 1258) New line of Caliphs Capital in Baghdad Social and Political Change Centralized Islamic rule in the Middle East

14. Capital in Baghdad

15. Fall of Caliphs 900-1400 CE rule shattered Seljuk Turks Christian Crusaders Mongol Invasions ** Today Over 1 Billion Muslims