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The Muslim Conquests A.D.

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Presentation on theme: "The Muslim Conquests A.D."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Muslim Conquests 632-732 A.D.

2 Summary “The century-long campaign of expansion undertaken by Arabian forces espousing the new faith of Islam.” Combatants Arab Muslims Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Berber States Kingdom of Visigoths Kingdom of the Franks

3 Key Outcomes Established Islam as significant religion
Spread culture and science with conquests Led to the Crusades Led to future clashes with Christianity

4 Timeline 570 AD: Birth of Muhammad 632 AD: Death of Muhammad
633 AD: 1st Muslim attack on Byzantine Empire 638 AD: Muslims take Jerusalem AD: Muslims fail to take Constantinople 702 AD: Muslims conquer North Africa AD: Muslim conquest of Iberia 732 AD: Battle of Tours (Poitiers)

5 Strategy Expansion of Islamic state
Direct warlike tribes in Arabia outward to maintain unity of Islam Allow conquered to convert to Islam

6 Compare & Contrast: Muslims vs. Crusaders
Technology somewhat similar Tactics completely different

7 Tactics Outstanding horsemen Fast-moving and highly disciplined
Wore less armor than Europeans Repeated cavalry charges Mounted archers Feigned retreats Flanking movements

8 Technology Light chain mail over hardened leather jackets Lance
Small shields Swords Bow

9 Leadership Muhammad Umar I Prophet of Islam
Conquered Mecca w/support of Bedouin tribes Conquered most of Arabian peninsula by 632 AD Umar I Aided Muhammad’s conquest of Arabia Oversaw Muslim expansion Created Sunni/Shiite split

10 “The Fall of Syria” Arab Muslims vs. Byzantine Empire
The Battle of Yarmuk River, 636 AD Lasted 6 days Arabs outnumbered 2 to 1 Byzantines retreat blocked by Arab cavalry Gave Arabs Southern Syria & Palestine Set up crusades

11 Muslim Conquest of Iberia
Visigoths took Iberia (Spain & Portugal) from W. Roman Empire (about AD) 702 AD: Muslims conquer and convert Berber tribes of N. Africa 711 AD: Muslims invade Iberia w/aid of Byzantine outpost 721 AD: Muslims conquer most of Iberia and advance into France

12 Battle of Tours 732 AD Franks vs. Muslim Arab/Berbers
Southwestern France Franks led by Charles Martel “The Hammer” Prevented further expansion of Islam into Europe

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