1. Impact Of Tourism On The Economy

2. Positive Impacts One of the main reasons for the huge growth in tourism is the positive effect it can have on the economy of an area. The nature of the industry means that it provides many jobs and generates substantial revenue. This can be particularly important for less developing countries as it provides a valuable source of foreign revenue.

3. Positive Impacts To evaluate the success of tourism you need to look at where the money generated goes. If it is invested locally on new services such as infrastructure, schools and local projects, then any money generated by tourism is having a positive effect on the local economy and society. The jobs generated should also go to the locals so that the economy will benefit from the multiplier effect.

4. Negative Impacts The negative effects of tourism for an economy are determined by the distribution of the money generated and the allocation of jobs. We use the term 'leakage' to help explain this. Leakage is the amount of money that escapes (whether directly or indirectly) from the local economy.

5. American Tour Company Owns An Overseas Hotel The management of the resort are American so a percentage of their wages will be leakage - especially if they are on a fixed contract for maybe a year or two. American staff are employed to run the hotel on a seasonal basis. Therefore a large percentage of their income will eventually be spent in the US economy. Some tour operators export food to their hotels so suppliers in the US benefit instead of the local suppliers.

6. GOA There is a situation in Goa where one company owns the hotel, coach and airline. So the holiday is booked in Germany (travel agent takes a cut), the tourists fly on a German airline, are met by that company's employee, taken on the company's bus to the company's hotel. It is clear to see how little of the money spent by the tourists will get into the Goan economy!

7. Impact Of Tourism On Society And Culture

8. Positive Impacts It is inevitable that tourism will have a major effect on the culture and society of an area. By promoting tourism you are encouraging contact between different cultures. Indeed many people deliberately choose to experience a culture very different to their own.

9. Positive Impacts For many, the experience of different cultures is seen as an enriching and educating one. The benefits can be felt by the hosts and the visitors. The breaking down of prejudices as people experience other cultures and societies. This is directly linked to the fact that most prejudice is a consequence of ignorance.

10. Positive Impacts The strengthening of a culture as that culture becomes supported by tourism. Reduction in the dilution of culture as locals don't have to migrate to find work. The emancipation of women in the receiving culture as they witness the lives of women from western society.

11. Negative Impacts Cultural erosion as traditional ceremonies are performed for tourists their cultural or religious importance is diminished. Traditional industry that is very important to the culture can be forced to close as they are seen as detrimental to the tourist industry. Traditional cultures are abandoned as young people look to foreign cultures for their role models. Cultures are destroyed as drugs, child prostitution, HIV are introduced as a side effect of tourism. Locals can resent the tourists as they fail to pay local culture the necessary respect.

12. Impact Of Tourism On The Environment

13. Positive Impacts It is possible for tourism to be good for the environment. Sustainable tourism attempts to use the resources available whilst also conserving them for the future. If sustainable tourism can be developed, the money generated can be used to repair and improve the natural or built environment. An example could be the regeneration of a derelict yet historic building for the purposes of tourism.

14. Positive Impacts Tourism can also be used to educate people and raise awareness of the importance of environments - hopefully securing their future. One of the biggest growth areas in tourism is eco-tourism. This is where the package has a definite environmental focus. Their recent growth has been as a response to the negative effects tourism can have on a natural environment. It attempts to give people a unique experience by immersing them into a new environment. Group sizes are small and local guides are employed, local produce is cooked and local materials used. The aim is minimize the effects of the tourists whilst educating them about its special nature.

15. Negative Impacts If miss-managed, tourism can have negative effects on the built or natural environment. This occurs when the volume of tourists exceed the environment's carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of an environment is the number of visitors that environment can receive without causing damage to that environment. The carrying capacity is difficult to define, as it is dependent on value judgment.

16. Negative Impacts Negative effects of tourism on the environment include footpath erosion Tourism can also have more serious effects on the environment. In Goa, the arrival of package tourism has destroyed local water supplies, led to the removal of Mangrove swamps and polluted the seas.

17. Ecotourism

18. What Are They? A “green” or “alternative” form sustainable tourism. It generally occurs in remote areas, with a low density of tourists. It operates at a fairly basic level. Ecotourism includes tourism that is related to ecology and ecosystems. These include game parks, nature reserves, coral reefs, and forest parks.

19. What Are They? Ecotourism gives people a first-hand experience of natural environments and to show them the importance of conservation such as… Planning and control of tourist developments so that they fit in with local conditions. Increasing involvement and control by local or regional communities. appropriateness to the local area. A balance between conservation and development between environment and economics.

20. Conflict In areas where ecotourism occurs, there is often a conflict between allowing total access to visitors and providing them with all the facilities they desire, and with conserving the landscape, plants and animals of the area. Another conflict arises when local people wish to use the resource for their own benefit rather than for the benefit of animals or conservation.

21. Tourism As A Tool For Regeneration

22. Regeneration Following de-industrialization, many regions of the developed world found areas of their economies in terminal decline. Unemployment was running at all time highs, there was social unrest in many cities and vast areas of land were left derelict. Tourism has the potential to breathe life into an otherwise declining economy.

23. Advantages The advantages are that it is a labor intensive industry so will provide a large number of jobs. It will also provide jobs indirectly through the building industry or maybe catering industry.

24. Advantages In addition to this if an area is going to invest in tourism then a lot of that investment will go into the local environment improving an otherwise rundown area, into the infrastructure, into services for the tourists and locals. The jobs provided will need a variety of skills from managers to waiters, guides to cleaners. There is therefore great potential for a positive multiplier throughout the economy.

25. Leisure In Urban Areas

26. The Leisure Hierarchy A simple hierarchy can be established, depending on population size and number of people needed to support a leisure or sporting activity. In most small settlements there are few facilities available. However, as settlement size increases (and the threshold population increases), settlements are able to offer a greater variety of leisure and recreation facilities with increasingly specialist functions. The area the settlement serves (the sphere of influence) increases in size. Higher order functions are more centralized.

27. A Simple Hierarchy Community SizeRecommended FacilitiesActivities Offered Village (Pop. 500-1500)Community Hall; Community Open Space. Badminton; Keep Fit; Yoga; Football; Cricket. Small Country Town (Pop. 2500-6000) AS ABOVE, plus: Tennis Courts; Sports Hall; Swimming Pool. AS ABOVE, plus: Tennis; Netball; Gym; Hockey. Capital CityNational Sports Centre for selected sports. AS ABOVE, plus: Bowling; Golf; Skateboarding; Judo; Karate; Home grounds of sport clubs (Football, Rugby, Hockey); Athletics ground; grounds/stadia for international fixtures.

28. Intra-Urban Spatial Patterns In most small and medium-sized cities there is a concentration of leisure facilities and tourist attractions in the central area of the city, while on the periphery there are increasing numbers of sports and leisure centres, garden centres, and country parks. The central area contains the main concentration of restaurants, cinemas, theatres, and other facilities that do not require much space. Finally there may be some leisure facilities dispersed into neighbourhoods, such as parks and recreation grounds, and community centres.

29. Tourist Facilities In Urban Areas Urban areas are important for tourism because they are… Destinations in their own right. Gateways for tourist entry. Centres for accommodation. Bases for excursions

30. The Tourism Business District In most urban areas there is a distinct pattern in the distribution of tourist activities and facilities. The tourist centre of the city is often referred to as the RBD (Recreational Business District) or the TBD (Tourist Business District). In many cities, the TBD and CBD coincide. Tourist facilities in urban areas include accommodation, catering, and shopping. Most tourist-related accommodation is found in urban areas, and urban infrastructure and accessibility is vital in the location of hotels and guesthouses.