1. Ireland & Northern Ireland
It’s History…

2. Geographical Breakdown..
4 provinces throughout Ireland
     Leinster     Munster     Connacht     Ulster
Territorial Unit within a country/state

3. Continued… 32 counties All under British rule
Smaller geographical area than a province

4. Before 1916… One Island
Island of Ireland was one and part of the United Kingdom

5. 1916…Easter Rising Known as the “Irish revolution”
During this time period Ireland partitioned itself from Britain. (Northern Ireland remained under British rule)
IRA (illegal Army assisted in the war)
Southern Ireland Aka: Rep. of Ireland

6. Ireland independent but Divided….
1922 it became official that the Rep. of Ireland was independent from the British government.
The Rep. of Ireland geographically entailed
26 of the 32 counties
3 of the 4 provinces
Northern Ireland still under British rule entailed
6 of the 32 counties
1 of the 4 provinces

7. My Focus….Northern Ireland & why the conflict continues…
Northern Ireland wants to be independent of UK (United Kingdom)
Discrimination against the Catholic Minority
Formation of Illegal armies (IRA, INLA, UVF & UDA)
Illegal armies fought and killed one another
- Catholics aim was to end British rule
- Protestants fought to sustain British rule

8. How they Differ… Catholic Protestant 40% population
Illegal Armies: IRA & INLA
IRA: Irish Republican Army
INLA: Irish National Liberation Army
Sinn Fein: Catholic political party (meaning “ourselves”)
60% of population
Illegal Armies: UVF & UDA
UVF: Ulster Volunteer Force
UDA: Ulster Defense Association
UUP: Protestant political Party (Ulster Unionist party)
RUC: Royal Ulster Constabulary
This is the police force in Northern Ireland & supposed to serve and protect all
90%> were protestant
Huge acts of discrimination towards the Catholics (jobs, housing, educational
opportunities)

9. 1960’s “The Troubles” N.I declared state of emergency…
30 years of war & approx 3, 254 people killed

10. Internment…another significant event!!
In 1971 the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary was given permission to arrest and intern (without trial) people accused of being paramilitary members. During the operation, the British Army killed 10 civilians and detained 342 people, leading to widespread protests and rioting.
1900 Catholics
put in jail

11. Bloody Sunday…. Significant Event!!!
(1972)
27 catholic protestors shot during a civil rights march
- 14 died
Witnesses testify that civilians were not armed & shot in the
back
British Army was cleared of any blame or wrong doing
Such event boosted recruiting efforts for the IRA

12. Hunger Strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political protest.
Most recent was in 1981: Bobby Sands.
Irish catholic prisoners refused food as a stand against the British Government. Their intention was to get world wide support for injustices within the British Government.
Bobby Sands died after 66 days of starvation.

13. Identifying Differences…
Name, location you live in, School you attend, Colors /symbols you wear, Sports team you support, Bus route you use, taxi service you use…
Examples
Paul, Michael, Bridget, Mary
Examples
William, George, Elizabeth

14. Is there still a war?? 1998 a peace agreement was signed.
Northern Ireland is now a shared government.
A new police force replaced the RUC which was a British governed police forced.
Minimal political killings have taken place since the agreement was signed.

15. Why am I here…. Born and raised in Northern Ireland
Witnessed first hand the violence on the streets
1996 offered a scholarship to attend a college in USA
2009 became a permanent legal resident

16. Images of the violence..

17. Main Street in August 1972 when three Provisional IRA car bombs exploded without warning, killing 9 local people and injuring many others. A now dead priest - Father James Chesney - was named as the leader of the IRA gang which planted the bombs.

18. John Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono raise their fists as they join a protest in front of British Overseas Airways Corp. offices in New York on Fifth Avenue, Feb 5th The demonstrators called for the withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland.

19. Billy Wright ,loyalist fanatic who was shot dead in the Maze Prison, was leader of the renegade Loyalist Volunteer Force

20. Lord Fitt, (then Gerry), standing in the burnt out remains of his home on the Antrim Road in Belfast. He had just flown in from London to see the damage caused by a rampaging republican mob from the nearby New Lodge Road area. He was elevated to the House of Lords shortly after this incident. He likened the mob to the youth movement in Nazi Germany.

21. The Last Gunman by Brendan Murphy, July 1997
The Last Gunman by Brendan Murphy, July An IRA man on the Lower Ormeau area fires at a police roadblock on the bridge across the River Lagan. Within weeks, the IRA declared its second ceasefire.

22. A confrontation between police and republicans in Belfast

23. April 1984 Man is searched by the British Army on Belfast's Falls Road as people go about their business, hardly seeming to register that this was happening. Picture by Brendan Murphy

24. Starting at a young age…….

25. Often the images of my childhood………

26. Man made check point…..

27. Catholic school children and their parents make their way to Holy Cross school under a heavy police and British Army presence in the Ardoyne area of North Belfast, Northern Ireland, Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2001.

28. School children and parents with RUC officers who had to escort them to the Holy Cross Primary School Ardoyne today.

29. Smoke spreads as a pipe bomb explodes after it was thrown at police and army lines by protesting loyalists this morning in the Glenbryn area of Ardoyne, North Belfast, after Holy Cross Primary school children were marched through lines of Police and army on the second day back to school.

30. Petrol bomber on the streets of Belfast……
Petrol bomber on the streets of Belfast…….. Again often the images of my childhood

31. Barricades prevent marchers from getting through….

32. Tempers flare as Orangemen are blocked from walking the Garvaghy Rd, Drumcree, July 2000

33. Everyone’s wish…………

34. Belfast Castle

35. Rope Bridge…….

36. Antrim Coast

37. Antrim Coast

38. Antrim Coast

39. Antrim Coast