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Lesson One: Nouns & Verbs
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Definition: A person, place, thing, or an idea Function: Subject or Object in a sentence
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Words that tell what the noun (subject or object) is doing or being. To be (Anaiya is.) To do (Rontrez ran.) Forms of “to be” ▪ Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, have/has been
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You must have a noun and a verb- With 2 exceptions: ▪ Pronoun- substitutes for a noun. ▪ “I am.” ▪ Understood “you.” ▪ “Run!”
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Lesson Two: Adjectives & Adverbs
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DESCRIBE nouns and pronouns (subjects or objects). That is ALL they do!!! ▪ The girl is pretty. ▪ That is a nice dog.
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Answer the questions: Which one? What kind? How many? How much? Articles are adjectives. They tell “which one.” A An The
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DESCRIBE verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. That is ALL they do!!! He ran fast. (describing a verb) She finished the test very quickly. (one describing a verb and another describing an adverb.) Maria is extravagantly beautiful. (describing an adjective) They often end in –ly.
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Answer the questions: How? When? Where? To what extent?
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Lesson Three: Phrases
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A group of words that contains either a noun or a verb- but not both. Prepositional phrases ▪ Contain ▪ a preposition ▪ a noun- the object of the preposition ▪ (optional) modifiers- adjectives or adverbs describing the object ▪ Function ▪ Describe the subject or the verb in the sentence ▪ They act as adjectives and adverbs
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Kinds of Phrases Appositive Phrases ▪ A noun phrase that renames someone or something ▪ Michele, my best friend, is coming to dinner. Infinitive Phrase ▪ To + verb ▪ To run, to scream
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Participial & Gerund Phrases Laughing wildly, she ran down the path. The actor, pausing for a moment, looked at the crowd. He showed us the cabinet, painted a brilliant green. His favorite activity is sailing down the Nahanni River.
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2 Types: Independent Clause- a complete sentence Dependent Clause- looks like a sentence and contains a noun and verb but isn’t a complete sentence because it begins with a subordinating conjunction. ▪ A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate clause (dependent clause) to a main clause (an independent clause). ▪ The following is a list of the most common subordinating conjunctions.
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after how till ( or 'til) although if unless as as until when as long as whenever as much as now that where as soon as provided (that) wherever as though since while because because so that before than than even if that that even though though
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