1. Design of a Low Return Loss Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for 4G & WLAN Applications Loaded with Metamaterial Lens
Authors:
Maninder Singh
Varun Marwaha
Abhishek Thakur
Hardeep Singh Saini
Naveen Kumar
28 April 2017

2. Outline Introduction Comparison between Patch and PIFA Metamaterials
Objectives
Design Methodology
Simulations Results
Conclusion
References
28 April 2017

3. Introduction
An Antenna converts electromagnetic radiation into electric current, or vice versa.
Why do we need of Antenna ?
For transmission and reception of the radio signal.
For electromagnetic waves carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss.
Wireless performance is completely dependent on a high performance antenna design and implementation. 
28 April 2017

4. Antenna Type/ Parameters
Comparison
Antenna Type/ Parameters
Microstrip Patch
PIFA
Radiation Pattern
Directional
Omnidirectional
Gain
High
Moderate to high
Modeling & Fabrication
Easier to fabricate and model
Easier fabrication using PCB
Applications
Satellite Communication, Aircrafts
Internal antennas of Mobile phones
Merits
Low cost, Low weight, Easy in integration
Small size, Low cost, Reduced backward radiation for minimizing SAR
Problems
No bandpass filtering effect, surface-area requirement
Narrow bandwidth characteristic
28 April 2017

5. A unit cell of Split Ring Resonator (SRR)
Metamaterials
These are artificial materials that derive their properties from their structures and cannot be acquired in nature
Also called left-handed metamaterial i.e. –ve µ & -ve ɛ
A unit cell of Split Ring Resonator (SRR)
28 April 2017

6. Objectives The objectives of the work are as follows:
To design, simulate PIFA structure with Metamaterial superstate lens.
To investigate the application of metamaterial
To make the comparison in terms of Gain, Bandwidth, Radiation pattern between proposed PIFA antenna with and without metamaterial.
28 April 2017

7. Design Methodology
Selection of design parameters like size of antenna, substrate material, feed technique etc.
Selection of suitable Metamaterial technique.
Designing and modeling the antenna structure in the software.
Simulating and optimizing the antenna structure to achieve desired frequency bands.
28 April 2017

8. With Metamaterial Layer
Simulations Results
Proposed Design
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
With Metamaterial Layer

9. Detailed Dimensions Parameter Value (mm) Length of Ground plane 44
Width of Ground Plane 20
Length of Top Patch
18.5
Width of Top Patch
Height of Antenna
3.8
Length of shorting plate
Width of Shorting plate
6.5
28 April 2017

10. Return Loss (S11) w/o Metamaterial Layer
Return loss of dB is obtained at resonant frequency 2.59 GHz.

11. Return Loss (S11) with Metamaterial Layer
Return loss of dB is obtained at resonant frequency 2.34 GHz. This shift occurs due to the property of Metamaterial layer which makes us to reduce the dimensions of the antenna to obtain the same resonant frequency.

12. Radiation Pattern

13. Gain
Without metamaterial layer
With metamaterial layer

14. VSWR
The assessment of VSWR is below 2 dB which is observed from the graph clearly. It shows 0.19 dB at the resonant frequency.

15. COMPARISON OF SIMULATED RESULTS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA
Parameters
Simulated results without Metamaterial Layer
Simulated results with Metamaterial Layer
Resonant Frequencies
2.59 GHz
2.34 GHz
Return Loss (S11) dB dB
Overall Impedance Bandwidth
618 MHz
655 MHz
Overall Gain
3.29 dB
4.41 dB
28 April 2017

16. Conclusion
There are few conclusions that can be drawn from this thesis work:
A low profile PIFA is proposed which occupies a volume of 44 mm × 20mm × 3.8mm and hence can be used in portable wireless devices such as mobile phones, USB dongles etc. 
The proposed antenna covers LTE 2300 MHz & 2500 MHz and WLAN ( GHz) frequency bands with low return loss of dB.
We can conclude that use of Metamaterial layer enhances gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna. There is 34 % rise in the value of overall peak gain of the antenna while bandwidth is increased by 6 %.
28 April 2017

17. References
Kin-Lu Wong, “Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication”, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter: 2, Pages: 26-65, 2003.
AbuTarboush, R. Nilavalanl, D. Budimir and H. S. Raweshidyl, “Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for WiMAX Application,” Wireless Network and Communication Research Centre, BruneI University, West London.
M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Modifying the Ground Plane and Its Effect on Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs) for Mobile Phone Handsets,” antennas and wireless propagation letters, IEEE, vol. 2, 2003.
Hang Wong, Kwai-Man Luk, Chi Hou Chan, Quan Xue, Kwok Kan So, Hau Wah Lai, “Small antennas in Wireless Communications”, Proceedings of the IEEE Journal, Vol. 100, No. 7, Page(s): 2109 – 2121, July 2012.
Iulian Rosu, PIFA–Planar Inverted F Antenna [ONLINE] AVAILABLE:
W. Geyi, Q. Rao, S. Ali, and D. Wang, “Handset Antenna Design: Practice And Theory”, Progress In Electromagnetic Research Journal (PIER) , Vol. 80, Pages : 123–160, 2008.
M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Modifying the Ground Plane and Its Effect on Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs) for Mobile Phone Handsets,” antennas and wireless propagation letters, IEEE, vol. 2, 2003.
Hung-Hsuan Lin; Chun-Yih Wu; Shih-Huang Yeh, "Metamaterial enhanced high gain antenna for WiMAX application," TENCON IEEE Region 10 Conference , vol., no., pp.1,3, Oct Nov
Gummalla, A.; Cheng-Jung Lee; Achour, M., "Compact metamaterial quad-band antenna for mobile application," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, AP-S IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,4, 5-11 July 2008.
Li Xin-yuan; Fu Jia-hui; Zhang Kuang; Hua Jun; Wu Qun, "A compact wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) loaded with metamaterial," Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC), 2011 , vol.1, no., pp.549,551, July 2011
28 April 2017