1. www.thetoppersway.com Radar Seminar On Submitted To: Submitted By: 1

2. Content Introduction History What is Radar? Function of Radar Types
Application
Principle
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion

3. Introduction Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.
Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.

4. History Radar was developed for military purposes during W. W. II.
The British and US Military used radar to locate ships and airplanes.
During the war, radar operators found annoying blips continually appearing on the radar screen. Scientists had not known that radar would be sensitive enough to detect precipitations.
Today, radar is an essential tool for predicting and analyzing the weather.

5. What is Radar?
RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a way to detect and study far off targets by transmitting a radio pulse in the direction of the target and observing the reflection of the wave.
It’s basically radio echo.

6. Functions of Radar
RADAR is a method of using electromagnetic waves to remote-sense the position, velocity and identifying characteristics of targets.

7. Types of Radar

8. Pulsed Radar Transmission
Pulse Width (PW)
Length or duration of a given pulse
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
Frequency at which consecutive pulse are transmitted
Pulse Repetition Time (PRT=1/PRF)
Time from beginning of one pulse to the next
Inverse of PRF
PW determines radar’s
Minimum detection range
Maximum detection range
PRF determines radar’s

9. Pulsed Radar

10. Continuous Wave Radar Continual energy transmission
Separate transmit/receive antennas
Relies on “DOPPLER SHIFT

11. Continuous Wave Radar

12. Application
The first use of radar was for military purposes: to locate air, ground and sea targets.
In aviation, aircraft are equipped with radar devices that warn of obstacles in or approaching their path and give accurate altitude readings.
Police forces use radar guns to monitor vehicle speeds on the roads.

13. Application
Marine radars are used to measure the bearing and distance of ships to prevent collision with other ships, to navigate, and to fix their position at sea when within range of shore or other fixed references such as islands, buoys, and lightships.
Meteorologists use radar to monitor precipitation and wind.

14. Principal of Radar
Transmitter The radar transmitter produces the short duration high-power rf pulses of energy that are into space by the antenna.
Duplexer The duplexer alternately switches the antenna between the transmitter and receiver so that only one antenna need be used.
Receiver The receivers amplify and demodulate the received RF-signals.

15. Principal of Radar
Radar Antenna The Antenna transfers the transmitter energy to signals in space with the required distribution and efficiency. This process is applied in an identical way on reception.
Indicator The indicator should present to the observer a continuous, easily understandable, graphic picture of the relative position of radar targets.

16. Principal of Radar…

17. Advantages
The main advantage of RADAR, is that it provide superior penetration capability through any type of weather condition, and can be used in the day or night time.
Very flexible - can be used in a number of ways !
Stationary mode 
Moving mode
Two Directional mode 
Beam spread can incorporate many targets !

18. Disadvantages Time - Radar can take up to 2 seconds to lock on !
Large targets close to radar can saturate receiver !
Hand-held modulation can falsify readings !
More interference sources. 

19. Conclusion
There are many improvements that we can make to our system in order to create better results.
We were able to detect the range for objects that were fairly close, and calculate the velocity for objects moving extremely fast.

20. Reference

21. Thanks