1. PATIENT OXYGEN PROCESSING FROM AIR. BY; CHARLES MUTONG’WA WANJALA WEBUYE DISTRICT HOSPITAL, BUNGOMA COUNTY.

2. INTRODUCTION Webuye District Hospital is a Level 4 Hospital with a bed capacity of 220 Project conception: expensive O 2 cylinders quarterly cost Ksh 490000 and Ksh 1.96million annually. Oxygen plant installed by Medserve Healthcare Nov 2010-Jan 2011 Oxygen output @70 LPM from the processor (4.5 bars). Piping done to 50 wall outlets: 5 outlets per each of the 6 wards; theatre, casualty, MCH.

3. INTRODUCTION cont’d O 2 purity range 75%-88% Automatic output/shut-off valve @75% low purity. Technician alarmed to recycle O 2 processor (occurs at least 2 monthly) Total plant cost Ksh6.5 million Annual plant service contract cost Ksh 293000 (Parts=200000, service=93000). The hospital saves Ksh 1.67million (1.96-0.293) annually.

4. COMPOSITION OF AIR

5. LEFT SIEVE BED RIGHT SIEVE BED AIR FILTER H.E X PRODUCT TANK FLOWME TER OXYGEN COMPRESSOR 6.7bars AIR TAN K EXHAUST MUFFLER FEED VALV E WASTE VALVES PRESSURE REGULATOR PURGE ORIFICE RESTRICTOR EQL VALVE OXYGEN PLANT DIAGRAM

7. AIR SEP O 2 PROCESSOR 2 feed valves that allow pressurized air into each sieve bed 2 waste valves that allow waste gas to flow out of the sieve beds One equalization valve that allows gas to flow from one bed to another.

8. SIEVE BED DIAGRAM  Rod and 2 nuts – hold the bed together  Filter paper – contain the molecular sieve  Stationary piston – support the filter paper  Moving piston - moves along the filter paper

9. Top Cap Nut Rod O-Ring Bottom Cap O-Ring Bed Tube Sieve Moving Piston Spring Stationary Piston Barrier Paper Baffle

10. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) 1.Pressurized air flows from the compressor through the left feed valve into the left sieve bed. Nitrogen is adsorbed in the left sieve bed and oxygen flows out of the top of the sieve bed. 2. The left sieve bed is depressurizing and nitrogen is being released by the molecular sieve, through the left waste blow down muffler to the atmosphere. 3. A small amount of oxygen is flowing from the left sieve bed through the purge orifice into the right sieve bed. This helps to remove more nitrogen from the right sieve bed. STEP 1

11. 4. The equalization valve is open which allows oxygen to flow from the left sieve bed to the right sieve bed. This raises the pressure in the right bed to allow for sufficient adsorption in the next step, (i.e. air through the right feed valve to the right sieve bed, STEP 2 repeated).

12. ALARM SYSTEM Oxygen concentration alarm: The oxygen concentration alarm will alert the user/technician if the concentration falls below 75%.

13. BLOWDOWN MUFFLER When a bed is depressurized during PSA cycle, the waste gas (mostly nitrogen) will flow through a waste valve and through blow down muffler.(To reduce the sound level of the waste gas)

14. Air Compressor (Click to Begin Animation) Eccentric Bearing Motor Shaft Piston Eccentric Rod Cylinder Exhaust Intake O-ring Cup Seal Exhaust Flapper Valve Intake Flapper Valve Head

15. Compressor

39. Repeat Animation

40. The compressor pressurizes combined air to a pressure that is optimum (50 psig/344 kpa) for pressure swing adsorption. As the air pressurizes the temperature will increase. The outlet pressurized air flows through the nitrogenising exchanger to cool the air before it enters the sieve bed

41. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN Step 1 (Click to Start Animation)

42. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN Step 1

43. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN

44. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN Step 2

45. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN

46. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN

47. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN Step 3

48. AIR OXYGEN Step 4 EXHAUST

49. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN

50. AIR OXYGEN EXHAUST

51. AIR OXYGEN EXHAUST Step 5

52. AIR OXYGEN EXHAUST

53. AIR OXYGEN EXHAUST

54. EXHAUST AIR OXYGEN Repeat Graphic Step 6

55. TROUBLESHOOTING CHART NoproblemcauseRemedy 1No processing of O 2 Low air pressure (below 6.7 b receiver air tank) Reset tripped compressor 2Low oxygen purity alarm (below 75%)Wearing out air filter Replace filter or/and recycle processor bLow oxygen purity alarm (below 75%)High condensate Flush out condensate from air tank and processor cLow oxygen purity alarm (below 75%)Wearing out O 2 sensorReplace sensor

56. TROUBLESHOOTING CHART cont’d 3Compressor not runningKPLC Phase failure Reset power supply relay bCompressor not running Worn out temp sensor Replace sensor cCompressor not running Refrigerator heat exchanger faulty Repair heat exchanger dCompressor not runningLow oil pressureReplace compressor oil 4No piped oxygen flow to patients’ outlets Low oxygen purity (below 75%) Recycle oxygen processor 5Oxygen plant running failureNo power supply due to burnt fuses 60A Use cylinder O 2 bank/ Replace fuses

57. OXYGEN PLANT WEBUYE D.H

58. THANKYOU VERY MUCH CHARLES M. WANJALA(SMET) WEBUYE D.H www.webuyedistricthospital@yahoo.com