2. Science of behavior and mental processes To predict and sometimes control behavior Newest way of thinking….. TRIANGULATION APPROACH->Biopsychosocial Approach BIOLOGICAL SOCIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL

3. Contemporary Levels of Analysis-> Biological Social-Cultural Genetic Expectations from society/family Brain Nervous System Endocrine System Psychological Learned behaviors Emotional responses Thinking, interpreting, perceiving -Each level provides a valuable vantage point for looking at a behavior o mental process!

4.  Ancient Greek Philosophers:  Plato  Aristotle  What is dualism?  “Dead” Period  Scientific Revolution (1600-1700):  Descartes  Locke

5.  19 th Century: Darwin  WILHELM WUNDT (German) 1. Conducted 1 st Psychological experiment 1879 2. Evolved from biology, Darwin/Philosophy, Locke 3. Focused on Introspection: 4. Structuralism: attempts to analyze contents of mind through introspection

6. WILLIAM JAMES ( United States) 1. Foremost American psychologist 2. Coined term “Stream of Consciousness” 3. Wrote Principles of Psychology 4. Functionalism: Cognitive processes Studies behavior by analyzing the process by which the mind works: how does mind function in adapting organism to its environment

7. Unit 1 Notes

8.  WERHEIMER, KOFFKA, KOHLER As a group, created GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY: The study of the immediate experience of the whole organism…… introduction of the study of sensation, perception, and thought processes. THIS WAS THE FORERUNNER OF THE COGNITIVE APPROACH

9. 1. BEHAVORIAL PERSPECTIVE Early 1900s – controlled lab experiments a. Rooted in classical conditioning, operant conditioning: observable behavior = “science” of psychology b. Patterns of behavior can be selected by consequences c. Terms associated with stimulus/response variables (independent/dependent) behavior modification reinforcement/ punishment Skinner, Pavlov d. Animal studies and how it relates to human subjects

10.  COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE How we encode, store, retrieve information   social learning theorists in the 1960s  terms associated with… modeling, computers models,  people: Bandura, Tohman, Kohler, and Piaget

11.  HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE  influenced by phenomenology- self-awareness  response to behavorists/psychodynamic  Stress individual choice and free will. We choose most of our behaviors.  1950s-1960s  influence of pre-determined factors   People: Maslow

12.  PSYCHODYNAMIC /PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE  impact of childhood experiences; clinical interviews, unconscious thoughts  People – Freud  case studies  PSYCHOANALYSIS-

13.  The scientific study of the links between….  How the body & brain…

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15. Types of Psychologists  Industrial-Organizational  Developmental  Educational (schools)  Counseling  Clinical -Difference of psychiatrist? - Basic vs. Applied Research?

16.  VIDEO: Discovering Psychology # 1  PERSPECTIVES IN STUDYING PSYCHOLOGY: One is not better than the other; compliment one another