1. Chapter 4 Section 1 & 2 Early People of the Aegean & Rise of the Greek City-States

2. Minoans Minoans > civ. on the island of Crete –influenced Greeks living on the mainland –traded with Egypt & Mesopotamia Rulers lived at Knossos –Had palaces & religious shrines Walls covered in Frescoes Paintings depict Minoan life

3. Minoan Art

4. Minoans Disappeared? –Volcanic eruption? Earthquake? Tsunami? –Invaders > Mycenaeans > 1 st Greek-speaking people

5. Mycenaeans Sea Traders like Minoans –Civ. stretched beyond the Aegean –Learned skills from Minoans (writing) –Lived in city-states on the mainland each with a king

6. Trojan War Economic rivalry between Troy & Mycenae –Control over straits connecting Mediterranean sea & the Black sea Greek Legend > caused by Paris kidnapping Helen –10 years they battle –Result > Troy is burned to the ground

7. Legends Historians get most of their info from Illiad & Odyssey –Credited to Homer > passed orally –Stories give an idea about Greek values

8. Geography Shapes Greece People settled in river valleys Balkan Peninsula > mountainous > separates diff. valleys –City-states cut off from each other Led to rivalry > even war Mediterranean Sea provided a link to outside world –Greeks traded & set up colonies > spreading & absorbing ideas

10. Governing the City-States Polis –Greek City-State Acropolis –Highest & most fortified point of the city-state City-States had small populations –Created a close community Govt. evolves –Polis had a king > est. monarchy –Power then switches to noble landowners > aristocracy –Power then switches to wealthy merchants > oligarchy Warfare methods –Iron replaces bronze –Phalanx > new tactical method Reduced class differences

11. Sparta: A Warrior Society Dorians built the city-state Sparta –Turned conquered people into slaves Called helots Sparta creates a strict system because helots outnumber them Govt. > two kings & council of elders Military state > every boy trained from childhood –Rigid discipline & tough exercise –Women > main job > produce soldiers

12. Athens Evolves Into a Democracy Monarchy to aristocracy –Citizens resentful of nobles > demanded change –Answer > Democracy > still discontent –Rise of tyrants Decreased power of aristocracy Introduced the legislature Limited democracy > still more people had a say in govt. than anywhere else View > woman must be guided by men –Woman had roles in religion & the household Boys attended school –Studied reading, writing, music, poetry, & public speaking –Unlike Sparta more emphasis on learning

13. Forces for Unity Greeks shared a common culture –Religion Polytheistic –Gods lived on Mt. Olympus –Honoring gods important > temples –Oracles > priests –Spoke same language –Honored same heroes –Participated in common festivals Greeks felt superior to foreigners –United in time of war > Persian Wars