1. Sports Med 2

2. Skull Fracture  MOI Blunt trauma to head ie ball to head  S/S Severe headache, nausea, skin indentation Blood in ear or nose CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) may seep from ears and nose  TX 911!!

3. Concussion  MOI Direct or indirect trauma to head Impulsive force transmitted to head  S/S Confusion, headache, dizziness, nausea, nystagmus, trouble concentrating, abnormal pupil response  TX Take out of practice/game, determine LOC, watch for symptoms to worsen, assess memory *no longer grading concussions, or classifying as simple or complex*

4. Intracranial Hemorrhage  MOI Blow to head May be a slow bleed  S/S Show signs of mild headache but then has severe head pains, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupils  TX Referral to ER

5. Epidural Bleeding  MOI Blow to head  S/S Extremely fast bleeding, arterial In 10-20 min. athlete will go from fine to having major symptoms!  TX ER, surgery

6. Subdural Bleeding  MOI Veins are torn that bridge the dura mater to the brain Contrecoup (occurs at site opposite of impact)  S/S Bleeding is slow, s/s may not appear for many hours  TX 911 after s/s appear

7. Intracerebral Bleeding  MOI Force trauma to brain Bleeding within the brain  S/S Deterioration of neurological function  TX ER, 911

8. Post Concussive Syndrome  MOI Happens after a head injury  S/S Impaired memory, lack of concentration, anxiety, depression  TX May not return to play unit symptoms are gone and have been cleared by a health care provider

9. Second Impact Syndrome  MOI Second head injury before s/s of initial injury go away Caused 50 deaths over the last decade  S/S Appear stunned, within short time athlete may collapse, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, respiratory failure  TX Prevention

10. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)  MOI Repetitive blows to the head Progressive degenerative brain disease  S/S Depression, mood changes, impulse control problems Eventually causes dementia  TX No cure http://espn.go.com/video/clip?id=5591963

11. NFL concussion video  http://www.abcnews.go.com/search?sea rchtext=nfl+concussions&r=video http://www.abcnews.go.com/search?sea rchtext=nfl+concussions&r=video