1. Value Added Assessment (VAA) Linking educational practice to student outcomes

2. Key Concepts: “Expected” Student Behavior Observed Student Behavior observedexpected Value Added effect

3. What is “expected” student behavior? In the VAA context, expected behavior is derived by a statistical model that provides a “best estimate” of how the student(s) should perform based upon the best available information.

4. What is observed student behavior? In the context of VAA, observed student behavior is generally defined as a score on a test, most often a standardized norm-referenced test. There is nothing inherent in the VAA paradigm that makes the use of such tests necessary. Any behavior or representation of a behavior could be used in VAA.

5. Expected Behavior versus Observed Behavior Observed behavior expected behavior A B Analysis Unit = value added effect

6. Observed behavior Analysis unit characteristic(s) related to performance Expected behavior A B = value added effect

7. Observed behavior Analysis unit characteristic(s) related to performance Expected behavior A B

8. What “factors” contribute to observed student behaviors? Teachers/Schools/School District Student Demographics Prior Achievement Student Mobility Teacher Mobility School Resources/Other School Related Variables

9. Estimating VA Effects – Additional Considerations “Echo” effects from prior year’s teacher Consistency of effects longitudinally Cross sectional consistency Outcome specific consistency

10. Relating VA effects to teacher preparation and teaching practices TNE Challenge