1.  1475-1564  Italian Renaissance ◦ Sculptor ◦ Painter ◦ Architect ◦ Poet ◦ Engineer  Exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art  Considered a contender for the archetypal Renaissance Man (in a battle with da Vinci!)

2.  Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.  Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: ◦ The scenes from Genesis on the ceiling ◦ The Last Judgment on the altar wall (both in the Sistine Chapel in Rome)  In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive.  In his lifetime he was also often called Il Divino ("the divine one").

3.  At thirteen, Michelangelo was apprenticed to the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. ◦ When Michelangelo was only fourteen, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay his apprentice as an artist, which was highly unusual at the time.  When in 1489 Lorenzo de' Medici asked Ghirlandaio for his two best pupils, Ghirlandaio sent Michelangelo and Francesco Granacci. ◦ From 1490 to 1492, Michelangelo attended the Humanist academy which the Medici had founded along Neo Platonic lines. ◦ Michelangelo studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni.

4. Pietá 1498- 1499 Location: St. Peter’s basilica, Vatican City Marble (It is the only piece Michelangelo signed.) Michelangelo was 24 years old when he sculpted this Christ is life- sized Mary would be 7’ tall if she were to stand up Paradoxes: Jesus’ veins course with life Mary’s face is young Sister Wendy – Disc 3, “Rome” – 6:25

7. David 1501-1504 17’ tall, marble Symbol of Florence’s resistance and independence Celebration of the human form on a grandiose proportion. “As David defended his people and governed with justice, so should [Florence] be defended with courage and governed with justice” - Vasari

8. Michelangelo was 26 when he produced this. The statue was originally supposed to be placed on the roof of the Florence Cathedral, but it was eventually decided that it would stand next to the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio. Moving David upright from the shed in which Michelangelo carved it to the Piazza took 40 men, 4 days, beams and ropes, and 14 rollers beneath it. This piece sealed his fame: he was incontestably the greatest sculptor in Italy.

11. Tomb of Pope Julius II 1505- 1545 Rachel, Moses, and Leah 50’ tall Rachel (left) represents the contemplati ve life – hands in prayer. Leah (right) represents the active life – looking into mirror to actively contemplat e her own life.

12. Laocoon Group Discovered in Rome in 1506 – Michelangelo watched it as it was unearthed

13. Moses (Detail from the tomb of Pope Julius II) 1513-16 Over twice life-size “horns” are a translation error – “rays of light” – when Moses radiated light after speaking with God

14. The “slaves” probably symbolize the human soul imprisoned in the brute matter of the body, according to the Neo-Platonic doctrine. These were unfinished figures intended for the Tomb of Julius II and are now located in the Louvre. Dying SlaveRebellious Slave

15. The Doni Tondo 1504 Tempera on wood 47 1/4” The Holy Family, Painted for Angelo Doni Triangular shape – colors separate and isolate poses Background/ledge

16. Detail from... The Doni Tondo

18. RENAISSANCE POPES OF THE 16 TH CENTURY Julius II (1503-1513) – Patron of Raphael and Michelangelo Leo X (1513-1521) – Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent; Patronized Michelangelo. Excommunicated Martin Luther. Hadrian VI (1522-1523) – ferocious reformer Clement VII (1523-1534) – Commissioned the Medici tombs in Florence; Excommunicated Henry VIII; commissioned The Last Judgment Paul III (1534-1549) – Commissioned Michelangelo to build the Farnese Palace in Rome. Council of Trent in 1545 first met. Julius III (1550-1555) – Jusiuts in 1550; Appointed Michelangelo as chief architect of St. Peter’s.

19. Pope Julius II “The Warrior Pope” Responsible for re-building St. Peters and other commissions in the Vatican Removed all traces of the Borgia (Alexander VI) from the Vatican

20. Donato Bramante, Architect Julius II’s choice to redesign and oversee construction of St. Peters Became bitter enemy of Michelangelo, who reported Bramante’s cheap materials, shoddy workmanship, and poor planning to Julius. Distant relative of Raphael; responsible for earning the young artist an enormous commission in Julius’ library

22. Exterior of the Sistine Chapel 1475-83

23. Sistine Chapel Ceiling fresco 1508-1512 128’x44’ Sister Wendy – Disc 1, “Michelangelo and Raphael” – 24:13 Lowest Zone – (set off by zig- zagging bands) - Biblical ancestors of Christ Second Zone – enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets Third Zone – 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

24. Lowest Zone: (set off by zig-zagging bands) Biblical ancestors of Christ Second Zone: Enthroned Sibyls and Old Testament prophets Third Zone: 9 panels, episodes from Genesis

25. Detail from the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel The Creation of Adam

27. Detail from The Creation of Adam - The Hand of God 1508-1512 Located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome

28.  1. Separation of Light from Darkness  2. Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants  3. Separation of the Earth from the Waters  4. Creation of Adam  5. Creation of Eve  6. The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden  7. Sacrifice of Noah  8. The Deluge  9. Drunkenness of Noah

29. Separation of Light from Darkness (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

30. Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants 1511

31. Separation of the Earth from the Waters (with ignudi and medallions) 1511

32. Creation of Adam 1510

33. Creation of Eve (with ignudi and medallions) 1509-10

34. The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden 1509-10

35. Sacrifice of Noah (with ignudi and medallions) 1509

36. The Deluge 1508-09

37. Drunkenness of Noah and medallions) 1509

38.  The Libyan Sibyl  The Delphic Sibyl  The Erythraean Sibyl  The Cumaean Sibyl  The Persian Sibyl

39. The Delphic Sibyl 1509

40. The Erythraean Sibyl 1509

41. The Cumaean Sibyl 1510

42. The Persian Sibyl 1511

43. The Libyan Sibyl 1511

44.  Zechariah  Joel  Isaiah  Ezekiel  Daniel  Jeremiah  Jonah

45. Zechariah 1509

46. Joel 1509

47. Isaiah 1509

48. Ezekiel 1510

49. Daniel 1511

50. Jeremiah 1511

51. Jonah 1511

52.  Judith and Holofernes  David and Goliath  Punishment of Haman  The Braze Serpent

53. Judith and Holofernes 1509

54. David and Goliath 1509

55. Punishment of Haman 1511

56. The Brazen Serpent 1511

57. The Last Judgment, 1536-1541 Located on the Wall of the Sistine Chapel 40’x45’ Fresco Michelangelo was 61 when he started this. http://smarthistory.kh anacademy.org/last- judgment-sistine- chapel.html

58.  Florence, Italy

62. Dome of St. Peter’s 1546 to 1564 Designed by Michelangelo when he was 71 (which would have greatly distressed Bramante)