2. Evidence for Evolution  Fossil Record  Comparative Anatomy  Comparative Embryology  Genetics-DNA  Industrial Melanism

3. Fossil Record  Oldest organisms found in the deepest layers and moving up through the layers organisms become more and more complex…and recent  A timeline of evolution found within the layers of the earth

7. Biogeography  Distribution of organisms throughout the world  Organisms that live under similar ecological conditions have similar adaptations-

8. Convergent Evolution  Unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

10. Look similar but are not closely related. They adapted similar adaptations because they live in similar biomes.

11. Homologous Body Structures  Similarity in body parts in different organisms.  Differ in function but similar anatomy  Structures evolved from common ancestor

12. Different form & function but structurally (anatomically) similar.

13. Vestigial Organs  Structures which have lost all or most of their original function Human Examples: 1. Wisdom teeth 2. Appendix 3. Tailbone (coccyx) 4. Ear Muscles

14. Ear Muscles: move ears towards sound Appendix: was used in early humans to help digest cellulose (herbivore diet) Tail bone (coccyx): remnant of lost tail

15. Embryology  Similarities between embryo development of vertebrates  Embryo: 1 st stage of pregnancy  All vertebrate embryos contain the same basic genetic information & result in homologous structures. Ex) Gills of fish and lungs of land animals.

16. Which one is human? 1 25436

17. Similar DNA structure = related