1. Chapter 1. Introduction <Objectives>
1. List 6 property classifications of materials.
2. Cite the four components of the discipline of materials science and engineering, and briefly describe the interrelationships between these components.
3. Cite three criteria that are important in the materials selection process.
4. List three primary classification and the other three types of materials.

2. 1.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Materials are deep-seated in our culture
: transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation, Food production …
The earliest humans had access to very limited number of materials
: stone, wood, clay …
They discovered techniques for producing materials.
It was discovered that the properties of a material could altered by heat treatments or the addition of other substances.
Came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties.

3. 1.2 MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Structure
: the arrangement of its internal components
- subatomic, atomic, microscopic, macroscopic
property
: to evoke some type of response about external stimuli
- mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative
Processing
: to control the structure of materials
Performance
: a function of its properties
STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES
PROCESSING
PERFORMANCE
Basic science & Understanding
Social needs & experience

4. 1.3 WHY STUDY M.S.&E.? ☞ to select the right material
The in-service conditions must be characterized.
Any deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation.
Economics : What will the finished product cost?

5. 1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Metals
- combinations of metallic elements
- good conductors of electricity and heat
- not transparent
- lustrous (polished metal surface)
- strong
- deformable
Ceramics
- compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
- insulative to passage of electricity and heat
- more resistant
- hard, but brittle
Polymers
- organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other non-metallic elements
- have very large molecular structures
- low densities
- flexible

6. 1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Composites
- consist of more than one material types
Semiconductors
- have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators
- are extremely sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms
Biomaterials

7. 1.6 MATERIALS OF THE FUTURE
1.5 ADVANCED MATERIAL
By high technology, we mean a device or product that operates of functions using relatively intricate and sophisticated principle.
: VCRs, CD players, computers, spacecraft …
Have been enhanced or newly developed, high performance materials
Expensive
1.6 MATERIALS OF THE FUTURE
Smart Materials
: ①shape memory alloys ②piezoelectric ceramics ③magnitostrictive materials ④electrorheologicals/magnetorheological fluids
Nanotechnology
1.7 MODERN MATERIALS NEEDS