1. Chapter Five Section Four Absolute Rulers of Russia

2. Absolutism Objective Summarize the development of absolute and constitutional monarchies in Europe from 1500 to 1800

3. Chapters in Brief Ivan III had made Moscow the center of a new Russian state with a central government. His son continued his work. His grandson, Ivan IV – called Ivan the Terrible – began as a successful ruler. He added lands to Russia and gave the country a code of laws. After his wife died, however, he ruled harshly. He used secret police to hunt down opponents and kill them. Ivan even killed his oldest son. A few years after he died, Russian nobles met to name a new ruler. They chose Michael Romanov, the grandnephew of Ivan Iv’s wife. He began a dynasty that ruled Russia for about 300 years. The Romanovs restored order to Russia. In the late 1600s, Peter I – called Peter the Great – began an intense program of trying to modernize Russia. Peter admired the nations of western Europe.

4. Chapters in Brief He traveled in Europe to learn about new technology and ways of working. He returned to Russia determined to make his country more advanced. His first steps were to increase the powers of the czar, or ruler, so he could force people to make the changes he wanted. He put the Russian Orthodox Church under his own control. He cut the power of the nobles. He built up the army and made it better trained. He took several steps to make Russia more western. He brought potatoes as a new food, began Russia’s first newspaper, gave more social status to women, and told the nobles to adopt Western clothes. He promoted education and built a grand new capital city, St. Petersburg, on the shores of the Baltic Sea.

5. Absolute Rulers of Russia Ivan III of Moscow – ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505 accomplished many things conquered much of the territory around Moscow liberated Russia from the Mongols began to centralize the Russian government Ivan III was succeed by his son, Vasily who ruled for 28 years Vasily continued his father’s added new territory to the grown Russian state increased the power of the central government

6. Absolute Rulers of Russia this trend continued under his son who became an absolute ruler = Ivan IV

7. The First Czar Ivan the Terrible 1533-1584 handed the throne at the age of three (3)

8. Ivan the Terrible First Russian named “Czar” or Emperor Boyars: Russia’s landowning nobles competition for power over Ivan At age 16 he seized power and he had himself crowned Czar (means ceasar) 1547-1560 Ivan’s “good period” added land, gave a code of law, and ruled justly

9. Ivan at the deathbed of his first wife, Anastasia Romanov. Ivan married 7 times, sometimes divorcing a wife a week after the marriage.

10. Ivan the Terrible Ivan’s “Bad Period” Begins in 1560 after Anastasia died poisoned by the Boyars? Ivan’s response secret police force hunt down and murder people who consider Ivan a traitor he executes many Boyars, their families, and peasants who work on their land makes a new class of nobles who are loyal to him through fear

11. Ivan the Terrible 1581 Ivan kills his oldest son during a quarrel 1581 Ivan kills his oldest son during a quarrel Ivan’s second son is mentally and physically incapable of ruling Ivan’s second son is mentally and physically incapable of ruling Ivan dies three years later with out an heir Ivan dies three years later with out an heir Most Evil Men – Ivan the Terrible (22:40)

12. Rise of the Romanovs Time of Troubles: Boyars want power heirs of czars mysteriously die imposters try to claim the throne 1613 the Time of Trouble Ends representatives from Russian cities meet to choose the next Czar Michael Romanov- grandnephew of Anastasia begins the Romanov dynasty (1613-1917)

13. Peter the Great Comes to Power overtime, the Romanovs restored order to Russia strengthened government by passing a law code and putting down a revolt

14. Peter the Great Comes to Power Peter the Great Reign: 1682-1725 last name: Romanov ten (10) years old when he is chosen as Czar – Peter I one of Russia’s greatest reformers continued the trend of increasing the czar’s power

15. Russia Contrasts with Europe Peter I comes to power – Russia was still a land of boyars and serfs Serfdom in Russia lasted into the mid-1800s landowners wanted serfs to stay on the land and produce large harvests serfs treated like property – if land was sold, the serf was sold with it landowners could give away serfs as presents or to pay debts it was against the law for serfs to run away from their owners

16. Russia Contrasts with Europe Most boyars knew little of western Europe Middle Ages – for leadership Russia looked to Constantinople (not Rome) Mongol rule cut Russia off from the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration geographic barriers isolated Russia Religious differences widened the gap Russian – eastern Orthodox Western Europe – Catholic or Protestant Viewed as heretics and were avoided by Russians

17. Peter Rules Absolutely Peter the Great was committed to a policy of westernization in Russia - saw westernization as a way to make Russia stronger to impose his will, Peter became the most autocratic of Europe’s absolute monarchs brought Russian Orthodox church under state control abolished the head of the church reduced the power of landowners recruited and promoted lower- ranking families to positions of authority and grants them land modernizes his army using European officers

18. Peter Rules Absolutely During g his reign, he: imported western technology and culture insisted that the boyars shave their beards and wear western-style clothing raised women’s status by having them attend social gatherings advanced education started Russia’s first news paper

19. created the largest standing army in Europe - set out to extend Russian borders unsuccessfully fought the Ottomans -attempted to gain a warm-water port long war with Sweden -won land along the Baltic Sea -built a magnificent new capital city, St. Petersburg Peter the Great built St. Petersburg and endorsed western European customs

21. Reform, then Repression a number of monarchs come and go between 1725-1761 Catherine the Great (tsarina / czarina) Reign: 1762-1796 married to Peter III overthrows him in a coup coup: a sudden illegal overthrow of government Peter goes to prison--he eventually dies initially “open” with reforms rebellion led her to become more oppressive

22. Catherine the Great an efficient, energetic empress, who ruled in the tradition of absolute monarchs Catherine: reorganized the provincial government, and began state-sponsored education for boys and girls embraced Western ideas and culture gained a warm-water port on the Black Sea lets boyars increase their control of the peasants repressed peasant rebellions

23. Expansion of Russia

24. Essential Question Who do you think was more of an absolute monarch: Ivan the Terrible or Peter the Great? Support your response. Answer the question in three complete sentences in your summary section.

25. Absolutism Objective Summarize the development of absolute and constitutional monarchies in Europe from 1500 to 1800