1.  Have out notes and a writing utensil.  Title your notes Absolute Monarchs.

3.  Absolute monarch: king or queen who believed that all power within their state’s boundaries rested in their hands  Divine right: the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on earth.

4.  Decline of feudalism  Rise of cities  Growth of national kingdoms  Growth of middle class  Wealth of colonies  Breakdown of Church authority  Economic & religious crises  Revolts

5.  Regulated worship, social gatherings, and economy  Increased size of court  Created new government bureaucracies  Reduced power of nobles and representative bodies

6.  Philip II: inherited father’s (Charles V) kingdom- Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies in 1556  Seized Portugal & its holdings  Defender of Catholicism- responded to Reformation & Muslim threats

7.  Inflation  Heavy tax burden on the poor  Increased imports = money going to enemies  The Netherlands revolted in 1566 (cultural differences & taxes) and gained independence under William of Orange (1579)  United Provinces of the Netherlands prospered and became a republic with elected governors

8.  1643: Louis XIV becomes king (5 years old)  1648-1653: riots disrupt France  1661: Louis takes control of government  1667: invasion of Spanish Netherlands (Belgium)  1672: invasion of Dutch Netherlands  1685: voids Edict of Nantes  1701-1713: fights War of Spanish Succession  1715: Louis XIV dies

9.  Years of reign: 1740-1786  Foreign policy: allied with Britain (Austria’s former ally)  Wars: gained Silesia in War of Austrian Succession; neither gained nor lost in 7 Years’ War  Policies: followed father’s military policies (rigidly controlled military society)

10.  Years of reign: 1740-1780  Foreign policy: allied with former enemy France  Wars: lost Silesia in War of Austrian Succession; did not regain it in 7 Years’ War  Policies: imposed limits on nobility

11.  Visited western Europe  Took control of church  Reduced power of landowners  Modernized army  Tried to westernize Russia  Fought Sweden for Baltic land  Built St. Petersburg

12.  James I: believed in divine right to rule; wanted large funds to pay for wars and court; didn’t make Puritan reforms  Charles I: wanted funds to finance wars; tried to convert all subjects to Anglicanism; resisted Parliament’s attempts to restrict his power  James II: flaunted his faith; named Catholics to high office; dissolved Parliament

13.  English Civil War: 1642-1649; Royalists/Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) vs Roundheads (Puritan supporters of Parliament)  Oliver Cromwell: leader of Puritans; executed Charles I; dissolved Parliament to rule as military dictator  Restoration: 1660; Charles II restored the monarchy  Habeas Corpus: law guaranteeing every prisoner had to be brought before a judge, who would then decide if the prisoner would be tried or set free

14.  Glorious Revolution: bloodless overthrow of King James II for the sake of Protestantism  Constitutional monarchy: laws limit the monarchy’s power  Cabinet: group of government ministers who represent majority party of Parliament