1. Warm-Up Step 1. Divide the following medical words by putting a line between the different word parts. Example – appendic / itis\ Step 2. Write the meaning of each word part (from memory if possible, but accuracy counts so use your book if you need to). Example – appendic = appendix + -itis = inflammation Step 3. Write the definition of the entire word from the word part meanings. Example – appendicitis = inflammation of the appendix Word List Arteriosclerosis Colostomy Craniotomy Endocarditis Erythrocytes Hemoglobin Hemiplegia Kyphosis Myelogram Thrombolytic

2. The Heartbeat The Heartbeat (electrical activity of the heart) To pump blood throughout the body, the contraction and relaxation of the heart has to follow a sequence. Sinoatrial (SA) Node located in right atrium electrical impulses from SA node start a wave of muscle contraction in the heart wave spreads over muscles in both atria causing them to contract at the same time contraction forces blood into ventricles

3. Atrioventricular (AV) node located on floor of right atrium near interatrial septum transmits electrical impulses to the Bundle of His Bundle of His located inside the interventricular septum right and left branches of the Bundle of His carry the electrical impulse to the ventricles and the Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers cause the ventricles to contract at the same time, forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries

4. Electrical Waves activities of the electrical system can be seen on a cardiac monitor or electrocardiogram (electr/o = _____ + cardi/o = _____ + gram = _____) P wave – contraction (electrical stimulation) of both atria QRS complex – contraction of both ventricles; atria relax when ventricles contract T wave – relaxation (recovery) of the ventricles

5. Heart Sounds Heart Sounds (lubb-dubb) Lubb sound – caused by tricuspid and mitral valves closing between atria and ventricles Dubb sound – caused by closing of aortic and pulmonary valves Cardiovascular Medical Specialties Cardiologist – specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart.

6. What does an EKG tell you? It shows you the electrical activity of the heart.

7. I am glad you asked!!!! P wave – tells you when the atrium is contracting QRS complex - the contraction of the ventricles T wave – the relaxation of the ventricles Ok, so how do I read it?

8. Strips are printed in 6 sec. strips. To calculate rate you count the number of beats per strip if rhythm is regular. Ok NOW How do I read it?

10. Steps in EKG Interpretation Step 1 – identify all of the P waves Step 2 – identify all of the QRS complexes Step 3 – identify all of the T waves Step 4 – count the number of QRS complexes that you have and multiply by 10. This will give you the patient’s heart rate (pulse).

11. EKG Rhythm Examples This is Normal Sinus Rhythm. ALL parts of the heartbeat are present. Everything is working as it should and the rate is within normal limits (60-100).

12. EKG Rhythm Examples This is Sinus Bradycardia. ALL parts of the heartbeat are present. The rate however is < 60 beats/minute.

13. EKG Rhythm Examples This is Sinus Tachycardia. ALL parts of the heartbeat are present. The rate however is > 100 beats/minute.

14. EKG Rhythm Examples This is Atrial Fibrillation. No definable P or T waves. Irregular rhythm and rate usually 100-160 bpm. Atrium is beating about 200-300 bpm

15. Steps in EKG Interpretation Strip #1 Step 1 – identify all of the P waves by making an arrow above each P wave Step 2 – identify all of the QRS complexes by making a circle above the point of the “R” in the QRS complex Step 3 – identify all of the T waves by making an X above the T wave Step 4 – count the number of QRS complexes that you have and multiply by 10. This will give you the patient’s heart rate (pulse). Strip #2 - 4, repeat the same steps above Example: rate in the 80’s

16. NOW IT IS YOUR TURN TO PRACTICE!!!!