1. Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete by Sepp Braun, Dirk Kokmeyer, and Peter J. Millett J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 91(4):966-978 April 1, 2009 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. The six phases of the throwing motion. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. The arc of motion of the throwing shoulder is shifted posteriorly, with increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation of the abducted shoulder. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. For the cross-body stretch, the individual places the involved shoulder against a wall to prevent the scapula from rotating. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. For the sleeper stretch, the individual lies on the involved side with the shoulder in approximately 90° of forward elevation. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. SLAP lesions caused by a “peel-back” mechanism. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Internal impingement of the undersurface of the rotator cuff against the posterior aspect of the labrum in maximum external rotation and abduction. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Left: With the arm in a position of abduction and external rotation, the humeral head and the proximal humeral calcar produce a substantial cam effect of the anteroinferior aspect of the capsule, tensioning the capsule by virtue of the space-occupying effect. Sepp Braun et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:966-978 ©2009 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.