1. 18. RENEWING THE SECTIONAL STRUGGLE 1848 – 1854

2. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Ended the war with Mexico Debate over extension of slavery North supports Wilmot Proviso Support for the Democrats & Whigs becomes more sectional

3. Election of 1848 Polk did not seek a second term Over exhausted Diarrhea Diarrhea, cha cha cha!!

4. Gen. Lewis Cass Democrats nominated Cass Senator Veteran of War of 1812 Spoke of Popular Sovereignty Self Determination

5. Gen. Zachary Taylor Whig nominate Taylor Hero of Buena Vista No political experience Avoided discussing the issues

6. Free Soil Party Organized by Northerners to: Stop the spread of slavery Federal aid for internal improvements Free government homesteads for settlers Appealed to those who: Are angry about Oregon Don’t like Blacks in new territory Condemned slaver (“Conscience Whigs”) Nominate Martin Van Buren

7. Election of 1848

8. “CALIFORNY GOLD” 1848: Gold discovered Thousands flood into territory Most did not “strike it rich” Much lawlessness California drafted a Constitution then applied for statehood

9. Sectional Balance 1850 – South was secure Southern president (Taylor) Majority in cabinet & on Supreme Court Equality in Senate (15 to 15) Balance in Senate in danger California!?! Texas upset about lost land No slavery in D.C

10. Underground Railroad Secret organization that took slaves North to Canada Taking many slaves from South Harriet Tubman South demand stricter fugitive slave laws

11. The Three Giants Henry Clay – “The Great Compromiser” 73 yrs old Concession from N. & S. Seconded by Stephen Douglas John C. Calhoun Dying of tuberculosis States rights Runaway slaves Political balance Daniel Webster New land not good for slaves Seventh of March speech

12. Young Guard New group of politicians Wanted to purify nation William H. Seward – NY senator Against concession Christians must adhere to “higher law” Cost him 1860 election President Taylor vetoed every compromise

13. Breaking the Congressional Logjam Zachary Taylor dies suddenly Millard Fillmore takes over & signs the Compromise of 1850 Clay, Webster, & Douglas supported South hated it, but accepted it

14. Compromise of 1850

15. New Fugitive Slave Law 1. Fleeing slaves can’t testify 2. Handler of case got $5 if slave was free, $10 if not 3. People ordered to help catch slaves had to

16. 1852 P RESIDENTIAL E LECTION √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

17. 1852 Election Results

18. Expansionist Young America in the 1850s America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America

19. The Allure of Asia

20. Expansion in the Pacific Americans wanted to trade with Japan and China Japan was closed off from the rest of the world 1852 – Commodore Matthew C. Perry negotiates a trade treaty with Japan Japan opens two ports to American trade

21. Japan was impressed with American technology and military

22. Pacific Railroad Promoters U.S. to build a transcontinental railroad South want to build it through Texas Land was organized & could repel Indian attacks Was south of the Rocky Mtns Bought the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million North wanted to build it through Nebraska

23. Gadsden Purchase 1853

24. Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Scheme Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular Sovereignty for Kansas & Nebraska But the Missouri Compromise banned slavery North of the 36°30’ line Act had to repeal it South for North against Bill was passed, repealing the Missouri Compromise

25. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

26. Congress Legislates a Civil War The Kansas-Nebraska Act wrecked the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Indirectly wrecked the Compromise of 1850 Northerners stopped enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law South was angry. Democratic Party was split