1. Compromises Fail Chapter 14-2

2. The Compromise of 1850 When? September 1850 What? Series of 5 Bills proposed by Henry Clay to end crisis over new land

3. The Please the North: California admitted as a free state Banned slave trade in Washington D.C.

4. The Please the South: Federal government has NO power to regulate slave trade between states Popular Sovereignty for the Mexican Cession What does this mean, again?

5. To Please the South: Fugitive Slave Law: Required return of runaway slaves Special government officials to arrest runaways: No rights to trial Only required slave-holders or white to swear they were slaves Required northern citizens to help capture accused runaways and return them to authorities

6. Be careful what you wish for... Compromise video clip. (Approx. 3 minutes)

7. The Controversy over the Fugitive Slave Law Aim: To make northerns respect slave holders’ rights Reality: Convinced more northerners that slavery=EVIL Examples of Impact: Indiana man torn from wife & child when owner claimed he had escaped 19 years earlier. Many were taken into slavery despite NEVER being slaves. Thousands of northern Africans fled to Canada (even non-slaves) Residents banded together to resist law--> Bostonians threatened slave catchers with harm unless they left immediately.

8. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Lived on OH/KY Border Published 1852 Aim: “make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is” About kindly, Uncle Tom abused by cruel master, Simon Legree Let’s read an excerpt from textbook: p. 492-493...

9. Reaction to the Novel NorthSouth BestsellerBanned Convinced many formerly neutral citizens that abolition was a moral not political issue Southerners claimed it was unfair, inaccurate propaganda (false or misleading info spread to further a cause)

10. Why did these two events sway many Northerners to the Abolitionist cause?

11. The Kansas-Nebraska Act Passed in 1854 Spearheaded by Senator Stephen Douglas (IL--wanted to develop land west for profit) Proposed dividing land into Kansas & Nebraska Territories To appease southerners suggested popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue

12. What will the reaction of the public be? Why?

13. Basically could undo Missouri Compromise! North outraged! Months of debate Signed into law by Democratic President Franklin Pierce: Believed as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the slavery questions would be “forever banished from the halls of Congress.”

14. Kansas-Nebraska Act In Action How could both sides take advantage of having popular sovereignty in these new territories? Pro & Anti-Slavery settlers flooded into Kansas (southern of 2 territories) Aim: Have majority of vote 1855 Election: 8,000 ballots cast... from 3,000 voters!

15. Outcome of 1855 Kansas Voting 36/39 Pro-Slavery Anti-Slavery side wouldn’t accept results. Held 2nd Election where only Anti-Slavery side voted, so they won. Result: Two Governments! Predictions?

16. Bleeding Kansas April 1855--Pro-Slavery sheriff shot in Lawrence while trying to arrest anti- slavery settlers May 1855--Sheriff returns with 800 men to attack Lawrence. 7 Killed. In retaliation, John Brown (anti-slavery settler from CT) led a posse to murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers near Pottawatomie Creek (men and boys)

17. Bleeding Kansas 1854-1861 Ended with bands from both groups roaming countryside! Approximately 55 would die in all. Skirmish among the “border ruffians”

18. Bleeding Kansas Video Clip of Bleeding Kansas (Approx. Start @ 1:24 and run until end of 4 minutes) Video Clip of Bleeding Kansas (Approx. Start @ 1:24 and run until end of 4 minutes)

19. Violence in the Senate Charles Sumner: Senator from MA Leading abolitionist Spoke vehemently against slavery Singled out Andrew Butler (Sen. from SC) who was not present

20. Violence in the Senate Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks, took offense. So, a few days later, Brooks caned Sumner to bloody unconsciousness on the floor of the Senate! Sumner never completely recovered. 100s of southerners sent Brooks canes as show of support! Bad PR for the slavery movement. Why?

21. Violence in the Senate

22. Let’s Review the Growing Tensions......with a Musical Interlude!