1. Bacteria

2. 2 Kingdoms  Archaebacteria  Eubacteria

3. Archaebacteria  Unicellular autotrophs  All anaerobic (without oxygen)  All live in extreme environments

4. Archaebacteria  Divided into 3 groups according to where they live

5. Group 1  Oxygen-free environments, produces methane  Ex:Deep-sea, water sewage, cow stomachs

6. Group 2  Concentrated salt water, purple pigmented  Ex: Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea

7. Group 3  Hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs  Almost-boiling sulfuric acid

8. Eubacteria  Grouped into 3 primary groups according to how they get nourishment

9. Heterotrophs  Parasites  Saprobes (decomposers)

10. Photosynthetic Autotrophs  Get energy from the sun  Cyanobacteria (most are blue-green, but some are red or yellow)

11. Chemosynthetic Autotrophs  Get energy from the breakdown of inorganic (non- living) substances

12. Bacterial Structures  Prokaryotic (no nucleus)  DNA in a single circular chromosome

13. Bacterial Structures  Classified by cell shapes and grouping

14. Bacterial Shapes  Spheres (coccus)

15. Bacterial Shapes  Rods (bacillus)

16. Bacterial Shapes  Spirals (spirillum)

17. Bacterial Groupings  Pairs (diplo-)  Clusters (staphylo-)  Chains (strepto-)

18. Bacterial Groupings  Pairs (diplo-)

19. Bacterial Groupings  Clusters (staphylo-)

20. Bacterial Groupings  Chains (strepto-)

21. Environmental Needs  Bacteria require very little in order to survive.  However ideal conditions include moist environments with specific temperature ranges and adequate supply of nutrients

22. Metabolism  Most bacteria require oxygen (obligate aerobes)  Some bacteria are killed by oxygen (obligate anaerobes)

23. Protection  Endospores – structure produced by bacteria that contains a copy of its DNA; covered by a thick wall which resists drying out, boiling, & chemicals

24. Protection, cont’d  endospores

25. Protection, cont’d  Toxins – poisons produced to ward off predators and to digest food particles

26. Reproduction  Bacteria use two processes to reproduce.

27. Binary fission  Asexual reproduction similar to mitosis  One cell makes Two

28. Conjugation  Sexual reproduction where one bacterium transfers all or part of its genetic material to another

30. Application  Why do you get sick if you don’t cook your food long enough?