1. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-1 Command forms are used to give orders or advice. Usted and ustedes can be used to refer to a group of people or in formal situations. Hable con ellos, don Francisco. Laven los platos ahora mismo. Talk to them, Don Francisco.Wash the dishes right now. Coma frutas y verduras.Beban menos té y café. Eat fruits and vegetables.Drink less tea and coffee.

2. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-2 The usted and ustedes commands (mandatos) are formed by dropping the final –o of the yo form of the present tense. For –ar verbs, add –e or –en. For –er and –ir verbs, add –a or –an.

3. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-3

4. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-4

5. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-5 Verbs with irregular yo forms have the same irregularity in their formal commands. These verbs include conducir, conocer, decir, hacer, ofrecer, oír, poner, salir, tener, traducir, traer, venir, and ver. Oiga, don Francisco…Pongan la mesa, por favor. Listen, Don Francisco…Set the table, please. ¡Salga inmediatamente!Hagan la cama antes de salir. Leave immediately!Make the bed before leaving.

6. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-6 Stem-changing verbs maintain their stem changes in usted and ustedes commands. No pierda la llave.Vuelva temprano, joven. Sirva la sopa, por favor. Cierren la puerta.Duerman bien, chicos. Repitan las oraciones. e:ieo:uee:i

7. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-7 Irregular commands Verbs ending in –car, –gar, and –zar have a spelling change in the command forms.

8. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-8 Irregular commands (cont’d) These verbs have irregular formal commands.

9. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-9 Irregular commands (cont’d) To make a command negative, place no before the verb. No ponga las maletas en la cama. No ensucien los sillones. Don’t put the suitcases on the bed. Don’t get the armchairs dirty.

10. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-10 Irregular commands (cont’d) In affirmative commands, reflexive and object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb. Note that when a pronoun is attached to a verb that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added. Siéntense, por favor.Acuéstense ahora. Dígamelo.Pónganlas en el suelo, por favor.

11. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-11 Irregular commands (cont’d) In negative commands, the pronouns precede the verb. No se preocupe.No los ensucien. No me lo dé.No nos las traigan.

12. Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved.12.1-12 Irregular commands (cont’d) Usted and ustedes can be used after command forms for a more formal, polite tone. Muéstrele usted la casa a su amigo. Tomen ustedes esta alcoba. Show the house to your friend.Take this bedroom.