1. Day 3: Types of Minerals Properties of Minerals Classification of minerals

2. Day 3: What is a ___________? What is a ___________? How are minerals __________? (grouped) How are minerals __________? (grouped) What are some of the ______________ that can be used to _____________ a mineral? What are some of the ______________ that can be used to _____________ a mineral?

3. What is a Mineral? Made up of same _______________ Made up of same _______________ _________-formed _________-formed __________ __________ __________structure __________structure Pyromorphite

4. What do all minerals have in common? All: 1. Are formed by _________ processes. 2. Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive 3. Are elements or compounds with a ___________chemical makeup 4. Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called __________________)

5. Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…Crystals 1.What element are diamonds made from? _______________________________ 2. What do all crystals have in common? _______________________________

6. Classifying/Grouping Minerals

7. Classification Grouping of Minerals Minerals are classified/grouped by the ________________ they are made of. Amethyst Beryl (Emerald) Calcite

8. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Silicates Contain oxygen & silica Contain oxygen & silica The most abundant group of minerals The most abundant group of minerals Quartz, mica MICA Quartz

9. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Non-Silicates Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust Include some of the most important minerals Include some of the most important minerals iron, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies Silver Gold Ruby Iron Copper Diamond

10. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Carbonates Carbon & oxygen and a positive ion, such as calcium Carbon & oxygen and a positive ion, such as calcium Calcite (CaCO 3 ) Calcite with Duftite inclusions

11. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Oxides  Metallic ion and oxygen Hematite (Fe 2 )O 3

12. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Sulfides  Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena (PbS)

13. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Sulfates  Metallic ion, Sulfur & oxygen Barite (BaSO 4 ) Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3 Barite BaSo4

14. Mineral Group CharacteristicsExamples Native Elements  Single elements Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

15. Physical Properties We use the following properties to help identify minerals: We use the following properties to help identify minerals: Color Color Luster Luster Streak Streak Hardness Hardness Cleavage/Fracture Cleavage/Fracture

16. Color Geologists do not depend on this: Can be _______________ Can _________ with because of impurities

17. Luster Luster Surface ___________ _______________ = shiny like metal _______________ = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

18. Streak Streak The _________of the _________ form of the mineral When you rub a mineral against plate The color of the streak can be ___________ than the mineral Minerals must be ________ than the streak plate

19. Streak…can help identify quartz http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

20. Hardness Hardness How easily a mineral __________ materials How easily a mineral __________ materials Mohs Hardness Scale Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (________) to 10 (_________) Scale from 1 (________) to 10 (_________) Test by seeing if the mineral can _________ different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file) Test by seeing if the mineral can _________ different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

21. Cleavage/Fracture Cleavage & Fracture The way the mineral ____________ Cleavage—minerals break along _________flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Fracture—minerals that break at _________with _______ or ______edges

24. Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 3. 2.

25. Other Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Attraction to ________ Attraction to ________ Bending of light Bending of light Reaction with hydrochloric ________ Reaction with hydrochloric ________ __________ & _________ __________ & _________ http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html

26. Brainpop—“Mineral Identification” 1. If a mineral can scratch your fingernail, the mineral is _______________ than your fingernail. 2. What is luster?