1. Objective: Students will understand the events that led to the Civil War.

2. Fugitive Slave Act  Declared that all runaway slaves, upon capture, were to be returned to their masters  Finding/capturing fugitive slaves was federal government’s responsibility  Slaves could be arrested without an arrest warrant  Many free African-Americans also arrested  Rewards were given to officers who captured slaves

3. Fugitive Slave Act continued…  The Fugitive Slave Act brought the issue of slavery to the North  Northerners sent fugitives to Canada

4. The Underground Railroad  Underground Railroad- network of secret routes used by slaves in the United States to escape to free states  Harriet Tubman- abolitionist- conductor on railroad called “Moses” 19 trips to the South helped 300 slaves to freedom  Estimated that around 1000 slaves escaped per year

6. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

10. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD – hiding places

11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin  Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) about slavery  Sold more than a million copies in 2 years  South- book gives slavery a false picture of slavery  Book showed slavery as a moral problem

12. President Lincoln once met Stowe and supposedly said "So this is the little lady who started this great war."

13. The Kansas-Nebraska Act  Introduced by Stephen A. Douglas  Turn the territory into two- Kansas & Nebraska base it on popular sovereignty would repeal the Missouri Compromise  North- worried this would turn territory into slave states  South- supported; 90% of voted yes  Act passed in May 1854

14. The Kansas-Nebraska Act continued…. Result: People for and against slavery now moved to this area to be able to vote on this issue You’re a real jerk. It should be a free state Kansas should be a slave state

15. Bleeding Kansas  Anti-Slavery forces establish town of Lawrence Pro-slavery forces destroy the town Abolitionist newspaper quoted it as “ The Sack of Lawrence”

16. Bleeding Kansas continued…  The Pottawatomie Massacre Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery Brown’s followers violently kill 5 men  Violence in the Senate Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacks colleagues over Slavery Congressman Preston S. Brooks beats Sumner for insulting his uncle Southerners applaud Brooks; Northerners condemn him

18. Sumner’s Beating

19. New Political Parties  Know-Nothing Party or the American Party promoted native born American instead of immigrants (nativism)  Free Soil Party opposed the extension of slavery into the new territories Many northerners were not abolitionist but did not want to extend slavery

20. New Political Parties continued…  Republican Party formed from Northern Whigs, anti-slavery Democrats and the Free-Soilers Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act Wanted to keep slavery out of the territories Republicans drew support from many groups

22. Warm-up Describe what was happening in Kanas and Nebraska before the Civil War. (remember the nickname) Describe the Underground Railroad. Why was Uncle Tom’s Cabin a cause for the Civil War?

24. Dred Scott  African American who had been a slave and moved by his master to a state where slavery was illegal  Dred Scott Case (1857) Scott sued for his freedom He was held as a slave in a free state He said he should be free

25. Dred Scott continued…  Supreme Court ruled Scott was not an American citizen; he was a slave and thus could not sue ROGER B TANEY – Chief Justice that ruled in Scott case Northerners were outraged & Southerners were happy

27. Abraham Lincoln  Born poor in Kentucky  He had little formal education  He became successful lawyer

28. Lincoln – Douglas Debates  Senate election that set the standard for modern day political debates  Lincoln: Stop spread of slavery  Douglas: slavery backward but not immoral

29. Lincoln – Douglas Debates continued…  Douglas wins the election Uses Freeport Doctrine- slavery could be excluded from territories of the United States by local legislation  Lincoln shows he has potential to win an office in the future

30. John Brown at Harper’s Ferry  Harper’s Ferry- US weapons arsenal in Virginia  Brown wanted to capture the arsenal & help revolting slaves gain their freedom  Brown’s plan fails – few slaves revolt & join him  Brown is arrested & charged with treason; sentenced to hang

31. JOHN BROWN’S ATTACK AT HARPER’S FERRY

32. http://www.history.com/topics/bleeding-kansas/videos#john-browns-last-speech LAST MOMENTS OF JOHN BROWN  The North feels Brown is a hero, the South is glad he is dead

33. Election of 1860  Democrats have two nominees Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats – John Breckinridge  Republicans – Abraham Lincoln  Constitutional Union – John Bell

34. Lincoln Wins  Lincoln wins because the democrats divided votes  The South is afraid that Lincoln will now try to abolish slavery in the United States

36. Secession  Secede- to withdraw from the Union; split with the country  South Carolina becomes the first to secede on December 20, 1860

37. Confederate States of America continued…  Jefferson Davis- elected president of the Confederate States of America  Northerners felt that secession was unconstitutional; the South did NOT have the right to leave

38. Lincoln becomes the 16 th president- March of 1861

39. Confederate States of America

40. Lincoln tells the South he does not accept their secession The Civil War Begins….