1. T. Kovács & L.E. Laczák Life-cycle design of concrete bridges The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Structural Engineering IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering

2. Contents  Introduction  HPC bridges- integrated deck-pavement system  Bridge life-cycle cost analysis (BLCCA)  Case studies  Conclusion IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

3.  Service Life Design (SLD) – durability HPC bridges  Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) – min. LCC BLCCA  commonly applied for road structures Introduction  Sustainable Development & Environmental Compatibility  Requirements  Life-Cycle Design Economic Social Functional Ecological bridges IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

4. HPC bridges - integrated deck-pavement system  Bridges: long service life (100 years), high importance and costs  Traditionally: pavement + waterproofing - high maintenance costs  HPC bridge with integrated concrete pavement  Surface of the superstructure is in direct contact with wheels  No water insulation, no separated pavement system  Requirements – durability (C 50/60, concrete cover, tightness) – structural (EC, Hungarian Standard UT)  Focus of the research:  Possible static & economic advantages of HPC  Selection of pavement system – structural design  Economic comparison The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

5. Bridge life-cycle cost analysis (BLCCA) construction cost of the substructure construction cost of the superstructure maintenance cost of the pavement maintenance cost of the structure PARTIAL LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS + IALCCE 2012  Load-bearing structure  Non-load-bearing elements  Pavement  Routine maintenance activities  Replacement of pavement The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

6. Case studies “Prototype bridges”  5×36 m span  continuous twin box girder  width: 20.7 m  int. post-tensioning  incremental launching  10 m span  simply-supported solid slab  width: 10.9 m  no tensioning  cast in situ  24+3×30+24 m span  continuous deck slab on grid-work  width: 11.4 m  ext. post-tensioning  cast in situ Type A Type B Type C IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

7.  Type A-C  Pavement types: 15 cm, service life time: 15 years 26 cm, service life time: 35 years  Structural design and partial life-cycle cost analysis for 3 × 3 = 9 versions Case studies traditional HP system IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering 3 Prototypes (Type A, Type B, Type C) 3 Pavement types (Type I, Type II, Type III) Type I Asphalt pavement + waterproofing Type II Concrete pavement + waterproofing Type III HPC pavement integrated with deck slab, without waterproofing The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

8. construction maintenance partial life-cycle cost IALCCE 2012 Case studies Type A Partial life-cycle cost (PLCC) The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

9. Type I (asphalt) Type II (concrete) Type III (HPC) PLCC – service life time (100 years) cost time (year) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Case studies Type A  Same tendencies for Type B and C IALCCE 2012 The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

10. Case studies- effect of span  33 PLCCA:  3 prototype bridges (Type A-C)  3 pavement types (Type I-III)  3-4 spans for each prototype from economic range:  30 m - 60 m for Prototype A  5 m - 20 m for Prototype B  15 m- 30 m for Prototype C IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

11. cost time (year) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Case studies- effect of span Type A IALCCE 2012 Cost – service life time 60 m 48 m 36 m 30 m The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

12. IALCCE 2012 unit (m 2 ) costs span (m) cost type, span Case studies- effect of span  Unit costs – span I. II. lll. I. II. lll. I. II. lll. I. II. lll.  Partial life-cycle cost – span construction cost partial life-cycle cost Type A  Same tendencies for Type B and C 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 30 m 48 m 36 m 60 m construction cost maintenance cost The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

13. Conclusion In comparing HPC systems with traditional systems :  HPC system helps in reducing the dead load of the superstructure but makes necessary the consideration of more sever durability and, consequently, structural requirements in design in comparison with traditional systems.  Improved durability and structural requirements can be fulfilled by special concrete technological measures and structural solutions that results in definitely higher construction cost for the HPC system compared to the traditional systems. IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

14. In comparing HPC systems with traditional systems :  Due to the significantly less maintenance cost for the HPC system, the saving achieved in partial life-cycle cost during 100 years of service life:  25-35% compared to decks with asphalt-based pavement  10-20% compared to decks with concrete- based pavement  The pay-out period of the HPC system :  ~33 years against decks with concrete-based pavement  ~28 years against decks with asphalt-based pavement Conclusion IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

15. Conclusion  By the use of “partial” life-cycle cost analysis (PLCCA) it was demonstrate that the integrated HPC system has long-term economic advantage against traditional deck-pavement systems.  PLCCA can be a basis behind the investment strategy which focuses on improved durability design in order to significantly reduce the necessary maintenance effort despite the higher construction cost of the structure.  From the point of view of the owners application of integrated HPC deck-pavement systems results in significantly less maintenance effort. IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009

16. Thank you for your attention! The results discussed below are supported by the grant TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0009 IALCCE 2012 Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering