1. Theodore Roosevelt and Progressive Reform, 1901–1909 Chapter 20

2. 20 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Progressive Party

3. 20 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The United States at the Start of the Twentieth Century A Longer Life Span –Different “kinds” of lives –Increase in National Population –Improvements in Medicine –Improvements in Technology Children at Work 576 –New laws concerning the age of a worker Changes in the Family –The impulse to strengthen family life –Creating parenting classes –Strong religious association –More women working

4. 20 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Women at Work Who was working? Immigrant women Poor classes Single Women More women in college More women in professions Medicine – Law - Government A Nation of Consumers

5. 20 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Women in Cotton Mill Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Women at Work Women at Play

6. 20 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. George Bellows, “The Cliff Dwellers,” 1913. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles New York City, 1913

7. 20 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Changes in the Family Rural to Urban Keeping families nuclear and grounded Immigrants from rural areas coming into American cosmopolitan areas: New York, Boston, Chicago, Denver, San Francisco –Opportunities –Money –New starts –New occupations –Old traditions give way to the new ways of the United States; some old traditions become part of American Culture

8. 20 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Heavy populations in areas surrounding industrialized work lead to whole new sets of problems: these are worked out through acts like the Pure Food and Drug Act Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle

9. 20 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. National Consumers

10. 20 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What’s is Consumerism What’s new Cereals Medicine Electricity Manufactured clothing Shoes Farm equipment Autos Sewing Machines Etc. etc. The United States became the home of Manufactured Goods Steel Auto Rail Wire – West Stoves Wagons/Transportation

11. 20 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency Roosevelt and Big Business Controlling the Trusts The Square Deal in the Coal Strike –Square Deal meant an equal relationship between labor and company management –New relationship between workers and bosses –Many of these early strikes were violent and ended in death

12. 20 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Progressive Campaigns to Reform the Nation Currents of Reform –Social and Political reform were the two major areas of trying to improve the lives of Americans The Muckrakers –Important aspect of early 20 th century journalism –Exposure of corruption and more –Mental Institutions –Political Corruption –Poor, dangerous working conditions –General exposure to life in cities –How the other half lives

13. 20 | 13 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Muckrakers Example of a newly formed magazine company that was one of many new informational ways to gain knowledge and information. The United States was becoming a large, diverse, moving population. Shifts to the West made magazines and newspapers essential.

14. 20 | 14 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Women and the Progressive Reform Women form Unions Women help form the NAACP Women become involved in localized politics The Continuing Fight for Woman Suffrage The fighters in the Movement Unsung Heroines Reform in the Cities Local Corruption gives way to organized political systems City Bossism slows – Real City Management takes its place Reform in the States Amendment in Constitution provided for the direct election of Senators Reform

15. 20 | 15 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Woman Suffrage Parade Booklet, March 3, 1913 The suffrage parade in Washington, D.C. on March 3, 1913, which produced violence against the marchers, became one of the controversial moments in the process of women receiving the vote. This image of the booklet for the march indicates the goals of the organizers. Reform, continued Woman Suffrage Parade Poster above. Picture of woman who actually led the parade below.

16. 20 | 16 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency: The Second Term The Expansion of Regulation Roosevelt and World Politics Roosevelt’s Domestic Policies

17. 20 | 17 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Theodore Roosevelt: National Parks and Monuments

18. 20 | 18 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Conclusion Chapter 20 Theodore Roosevelt was one of the great activist presidents, and he served the country during the major reform period known as the Progressive Era. Despite these facts, Roosevelt sometimes failed to do enough in supporting changes, according to his critics. Though Roosevelt’s tenure was invigorating, it would be the presidency of William Howard Taft that would take progressivism to its logical conclusion.

19. Progressivism at High Tide, 1909–1914 Chapter 21

20. 20 | 20 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Taft’s Conservative Presidency Roosevelt’s Return

21. 20 | 21 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Progressive Victories Woman Suffrage Prohibition Restriction of Immigration Saving the Children

22. 20 | 22 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The flamboyant young woman depicted on the cover of Life Magazine symbolized the sense of liberation and daring that moved many American females in the years between 1909 and 1933.

23. 20 | 23 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Labor Protest in a Changing Workplace New Rules for the Workplace The Limits of Paternalism Unorganized Workers Varieties of Labor Protest Strikes in Lawrence and Ludlow

24. 20 | 24 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Triangle Fire Mourners National Archives Fire and conditions bring attention to the dangers of the urban work environment Need Safety measures enacted –Fire escapes –Exits doors –Fire prevention

25. 20 | 25 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Republican Discord and Democratic Opportunity The Struggle between Roosevelt and Taft The Democratic Opportunity The Wilson Candidacy The 1912 Contenders Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom

26. 20 | 26 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Beginning of Wilson’s Presidency Tariff Reform The Federal Reserve System Wilson and the Progressive Agenda

27. 20 | 27 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Social and Cultural Change During the Wilson Years Automobiles for a Mass Market The Growing Use of Electricity Artistic and Social Ferment Americans at Play Motion Pictures and the Vaudeville Stage

28. 20 | 28 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. New Freedom Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson and the World Isolationism and the domestic picture The Mexican Involvement and Its Consequences Mexican Revolution and American ownership of land US and European Economic investors in Mexico worry about the civil unrest

29. 20 | 29 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Election of 1912

30. 20 | 30 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Europe on the Eve of World War I

31. 20 | 31 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Conclusion Chapter 21 World War I ended America’s sense of isolation. President Wilson tried for years to maintain neutrality, but the country would eventually be pulled into the war. Social and political reform had to take a back seat to foreign affairs for the duration of the conflict.