1. U.S. History Chapter 18 Essential Question: How did the publishing of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle effect the operations of food industries in the United States?

2. Essential Question: How did the publishing of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle effect the operations of food industries in the United States? How did the publishing of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle effect the operations of food industries in the United States?

3. Muckrakers Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business during early 20 th century Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business during early 20 th century Expose unethical/unfair business practices Expose unethical/unfair business practices Expose abuse of power by big business Expose abuse of power by big business Fought to end child labor Fought to end child labor Expose unsanitary & unsafe conditions Expose unsanitary & unsafe conditions

4. Upton Sinclair Famous Muckraker Famous Muckraker Wrote The Jungle Wrote The Jungle Expose unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry Expose unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry Greatly influenced others to investigate businesses Greatly influenced others to investigate businesses

5. Theodore Roosevelt 26 th president of U.S. 26 th president of U.S. (1901 – 1909) Gained fame in Spanish American War Gained fame in Spanish American War First modern president: transformed presidency into the strong executive office it is today First modern president: transformed presidency into the strong executive office it is today Roosevelt saw the presidency as a “bully pulpit” from which he could influence news and shape legislation Roosevelt saw the presidency as a “bully pulpit” from which he could influence news and shape legislation

6. Square Deal Various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt to help common citizens Various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt to help common citizens Fight big business (trust-busting) Fight big business (trust-busting) Regulate the railroads Regulate the railroads Est. health guidelines for food industry Est. health guidelines for food industry Conserve natural resources Conserve natural resources Est. National Parks Est. National Parks

7. Roosevelt and Civil Rights Despite numerous progressive reforms & square deal, Roosevelt does little for civil rights Despite numerous progressive reforms & square deal, Roosevelt does little for civil rights Why would Roosevelt favor policy of Booker T. Washington over W.E.B. Du Bois? Why would Roosevelt favor policy of Booker T. Washington over W.E.B. Du Bois? Washington took a more gradual approach to ending segregation & discrimination Washington took a more gradual approach to ending segregation & discrimination

8. NAACP Founded in 1909 Founded in 1909 Grew out of the Niagara movement led by W.E. B. Du Bois Grew out of the Niagara movement led by W.E. B. Du Bois NAACP started b/c people upset with indifference towards racism throughout the progressive movement NAACP started b/c people upset with indifference towards racism throughout the progressive movement Niagara Movement

9. Progressive Era Amendments 17 th Amendment: 17 th Amendment: Direct election of Senators 18 th Amendment: 18 th Amendment: Prohibition of Alcohol 19 th Amendment: 19 th Amendment: Women’s suffrage Significance of initiative, referendum, & recall?

10. Women in Public Life Where was the first women’s rights convention? Where was the first women’s rights convention? Why did some women at the convention not support the 14 th & 15 th Amendments? Why did some women at the convention not support the 14 th & 15 th Amendments? What is the Cult of Domesticity? What is the Cult of Domesticity? How did increased opportunities for higher education effect the women’s reform movement? How did increased opportunities for higher education effect the women’s reform movement?

11. Susan B. Anthony Leader of woman’s suffrage movement Leader of woman’s suffrage movement Why didn’t Anthony support the 14 th or 15 th Amendments? Why didn’t Anthony support the 14 th or 15 th Amendments? Wanted universal suffrage for women Wanted universal suffrage for women

12. Opposition to Woman’s Suffrage Factory & manufacturing/textile mill owners Factory & manufacturing/textile mill owners Liquor industry Liquor industry Men in general Men in general Why would these groups be nervous about granting voting rights to women? Why would these groups be nervous about granting voting rights to women? - Loss of power/business/change in the status quo

13. Three part plan for woman’s suffrage 1. Convince state legislatures to allow women to vote 2. Pursue court cases challenging the 14 th &15 th Amendments 3. Push for national amendment granting woman’s suffrage 1. Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho allow women to vote 2. Aren’t women citizens too? Yes, but does not mean they can vote 3. Amendment was constantly voted down over 41 years

14. 19 th Amendment Grants women the right to vote Grants women the right to vote Passed in 1919, 72 years after the Seneca Falls convention Passed in 1919, 72 years after the Seneca Falls convention How would the role of women in America during World War I have contributed to the passing of the 19 th Amendment? How would the role of women in America during World War I have contributed to the passing of the 19 th Amendment? Women took over jobs left behind by men during WWI Women took over jobs left behind by men during WWI